1838 mormon war vigilantes crossword

[63] (affidavit). There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. Exaggerated initial reports indicated that nearly all of Bogart's company had been killed. General John B. Clark: But if you've never heard of it, don't feel bad. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. . "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. [111] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[112]. During the conflict, 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Battle of Crooked Creek,[1] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[2] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill[3]), and an unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[74]. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. Shortly after what Mormons consider to be the restoration of the gospel in 1830, Smith stated that he had received a revelation that the Second Coming of Christ was near, that the City of Zion would be near the town of Independence in Jackson County, Missouri, and that his followers were destined to inherit the land held by the current settlers. Mormon War vigilantes Missouri Extermination Order Utah War LDS enforcers Mormon War of 1838 The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. 137 relations. The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. When Joseph Smith and volunteers rode to Adam-ondi-Ahman to assess the situation, they discovered there were no truths to the rumors. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. [13] In Daviess County, where Whigs and Democrats had been roughly evenly balanced, Mormon population reached a level where they could determine election results.[22]. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. [34], At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[79], In all, 17 Latter Day Saints were killed in what came to be called the Haun's Mill Massacre. [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. [40][41] King, judge of the Fifth judicial circuit of the state of Missouri, at the Court-house in Richmond, in a criminal court of inquiry, begun November 12, 1838, on the trial of Joseph Smith, Jr., and others, for high treason and other crimes against the state. Black refused, but after meeting with Smith, he wrote and signed a document stating that he "is not attached to any mob, nor will attach himself to any such people, and so long as they [the Mormons] will not molest me, I will not molest them. The Mormons divided into three columns led by David W. Patten, Charles C. Rich, and James Durphee. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. 17 church members 15 men and two boys were killed by 240 militiamen/vigilantes at Haun's Mill in Caldwell County. Atchison said further, "I would respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of a visit to the scene of excitement in person, or at all events, a strong proclamation" as the only way to restore peace and the rule of law. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. [97] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. [13], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. [79] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. The refinement, the charity of our age, will not brook it.[113]. [12], At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A King to answer the charges. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. History of the Latter-day Saints in Northern Missouri from 1836 to 1839 (1965), Stephen 2 . In this major new interpretation of those events, LeSueur argues that while a number of prejudices and fears stimulated the . Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. And Subsequent Expulsion. Reynolds discovered a revolver at the scene, still loaded with buckshot. During early Mormon history, there was a band of clandestine assassins known as the "Danites" or the "Sons of Dan". After the court martial, he ordered General Alexander William Doniphan: You will take Joseph Smith and the other prisoners into the public square of Far West and shoot them at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.[94]. During the conflict 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Crooked River, one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody, and 17 Mormons at Haun's Mill). They asked if the rumor was true and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. Austin A. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. If teachers do not have optimistic attitude toward children with special educational needs, meaningful education for them is far-fetched. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. [80] On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A. [4] With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. John Whitmer recounts that Smith bribed the guards. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. The willingness of both Missourians and . Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors[80], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event it would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. Sunday, June 5, 2016. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter-day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County.[54]. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." Jacob Stollings, a Gallatin merchant, was reported to have been generous in selling to Mormons on credit, but his store was plundered and burned with the rest. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. They asked if the rumor was true, and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three "Mormon Wars". When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. Put new text under old text. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the war in Missouri. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. If ye are faithful, ye shall assemble yourselves together to rejoice upon the land of Missouri, which is the land of your inheritance, which is now the land of your enemies.[6]. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. These militias clashed with their Missouri opponents, leading to a few fatalities on both sides. [91], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. In addition, none of the participants in the raid cited the order as justification for their actions.[81]. On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. The Mormons believedafter a revelation recorded on June 6, 1831that if they were righteous they would inherit the land held by others ("which is now the land of your enemies") in Missouri. ISBN-10: 0826207294. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . Rumor reached Far West that a mob of vigilantes from Ray County had taken Mormons prisoner and an armed party was quickly assembled to rescue these prisoners and push the mob out of the county. But problems only multiplied when Mormons settled in large numbers during a relatively short period of time in this region. They also sent a request for assistance to Governor Boggs, noting that the mob had threatened "to exterminate them, without regard to age or sex". [37], At a meeting at Lyman Wight's home between leading Mormons and non-Mormons, both sides agreed not to protect anyone who had broken the law, and to surrender all offenders to the authorities. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. "[82][83][84] [87][88][89], Lucas' terms were severe. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. In 1831, the Mormons under Joseph Smith began to settle in Jackson County to create a Christian commune of "Zion". [114][115], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs's mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[116]. The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, "Mormonism. [57] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri came from areas which were sympathetic to abolitionism. 1) June-July 1838: The Danites served as internal regulators, intimidating (and expelling) dissenters from Far West, Missouri, as well as regulating efforts to consecrate properties and voting patterns among the Saints. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. Joseph Smith ordered Colonel George M. Hinkle, the head of the Mormon militia in Caldwell County, to ride out and meet with General Lucas to seek terms. "[78] The mob gave no quarter. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. [31], In the speech, Rigdon declared that the Latter Day Saints would no longer be driven from their homes by persecution from without or dissension from within, and that if enemies came again to drive out the Saints, "And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed"[26], The Gallatin Election Day Battle was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. This scholarly book, based on work Alexander Baugh did for his . On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. Siege of Far West and capture of church leaders. Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the activities which had taken place in Daviess County. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. . On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. It should also be noted that none of the participants in the raid ever cited the order as justification for their actions. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. A committee sent to De Witt ordered the Latter Day Saints to leave. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. William Bowman, one of the guards, was dragged by his hair across the town square. [84][85] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. The group and their murder/revenge tactics are surrounded in some historical mystery. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. Many of Boggs's constituents felt that he had mis-managed the situation, by failing to intervene earlier in the crisis, and then by overreacting on the basis of partial and incorrect information. Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. The Mormons were evicted from Jackson County in 1833 and resettled in new counties nearby, where tensions grew again and attempts to evict them resumed. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. Mike Vago. ", "Missouri's 1838 Extermination Order and the Mormons' Forced Removal to Illinois", Casus Belli: Ten Factors That Contributed to the Outbreak of the 1838 'Mormon War' in Missouri, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1838_Mormon_War&oldid=1126713077, Religiously motivated violence in the United States, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with dead external links from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mormons expelled from Missouri and resettled in, Mormon Missouri Volunteer Militia defectors. Nearly every one was burned. He's still alive, ain't he?"[121]. If they choose to remain, we must be content. Once engaged with the commanding officers of the English foe, these seasoned war veterans would have easily defeated King Edward's knights and possibly killed the. Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination," Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order," which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[71] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976 by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[72][73]. Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160 km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City . Between August and November of 1838, the Mormons and non-Mormons of Missouri got into a pretty serious conflict. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. During a period of nearly four months, August through the end on November, 1838, seven major confrontations took place, and the Saints were required to defend themselves. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. [23] These "dissenters," as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. . [1][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. In October 1833, anti-Mormon mobs drove the Mormons from Jackson County.[11]. [48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by church leaders including Joseph Smith and also by elements of the Danite organization. As the year went on, there were a number of armed conflicts between Mormons and Missourians. . Battle of Crooked River-es.png 564 452; 280 KB. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. In this context, ideology is the disparate set of "ideas, values, and accepted 'truths' of the culture that enabled - consciously and unconsciously - holy war.". Smith was charged for treason but escaped custody and fled to Illinois with the remainder of the estimated 10,000 Missouri Mormons, establishing the new settlement of Nauvoo. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1968, "LDS Church History: LDS History, October 14, 1838", "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1920, http://ldsliving.com/story/77142-porter-rockwell-7-unbelievable-facts-and-stories-you-didnt-know, "Clarification of Boggs' 'Order' and Joseph Smith's Constitutionalism", "Mormonism. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. By the end of 1838, blood was shed, and Governor Lilburn Boggs ordered that Mormons were to be "exterminated or driven from the . Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. . He printed the first edition of the Book of Commandments that became a standard work of the church and wrote numerous hymns, some of which are included in the . [36], When about thirty Latter Day Saints approached the polling place, a Missourian named Dick Weldon declared that in Clay County the Mormons had not been allowed to vote, "no more than negroes." Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. [74], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children". At the start of the brawl, Mormon John Butler let out a call, "Oh yes, you Danites, here is a job for us!" [105], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. [3][84] When survivors of the massacre reached Far West, the reports of the savagery of the attack played a significant part in the decision of the Mormons to surrender. This conflict is also sometimes referred to as the Missouri Mormon War to differentiate it from the Utah Mormon War (also known as the "Utah War") and the lesser known Illinois Mormon War. Faster access than browser! [104], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. June: Danites organize in Far West. Latter-day Saint Albert Perry Rockwood, writing from Far West, estimated on November 11 that about 30 Mormons had been killed. Missouri blamed the Mormons for the conflict and forced the Latter-day Saints to sign over all their lands in order to pay for the state militia muster. . Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. 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Battle of Crooked River-es.png 564 452 ; 280 KB 1, the other ( a named. They choose to remain, we must be content if they choose to remain, we be... West to surrender. [ 88 ] Saints in Northern Missouri from 1836 to (! Later that day, the other ( a woman named Jenson ) died childbirth., Stephen 2 the country rumor was true and demanded that he had felt threatened by Mormons. C. Rich, and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees militias clashed their.

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