(C) Press. It is the ability of CO2 to trap infrared radiation and reflect it back to earth (not convection) that is the cause of the so-called greenhouse effect and therefore it does not violate the 2nd law. If the IPCCs models cant have at least an average error over and under actual temperatures, measured by a obviously biased-to-warmth RSS model set, then how can we ever believe the CO2 alarmists calls to action on climate change? By measuring this gradient, one can calculate the relative contributions. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0 C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. CO2 is used as a refrigerant because the CFC / HCFC / HFC refrigerants are problematic for the ozone layer. A. Blauer and G.R. At 50 km height with 400 ppm CO2 and 25000 ppm H2O, the collision rate between CO2 and H2O molecules is calculated to be 6.14 x 10^33 / (s m^3) . The Natural History of Oxygen. Energies within molecules are quantized. Overall, increasing CO2 and other greenhouse gasses reduces the earths ability to cool itself off by radiating energy into space. Carbon dioxide, for example, absorbs energy at a variety of wavelengths between 2,000 and 15,000 nanometers a range that overlaps with that of infrared energy. In the human body, carbon dioxide is formed intracellularly as a byproduct of metabolism. The atmosphere also distributes heat more evenly around the planet through convection heat transfer in general; this is why the planet surface doesnt have wild temperature differences from day to night like the moon. So if there was only O2 and N2 in the atmosphere the infrared energy would mostly radiate back into the black body of space. The phenomenon of heat is due to kinetic energy at the molecular level, i.e., the motion of molecules and atoms. What the fossil record also tells us is that higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations are always associated with higher world-wide average temperatures. and didnt address CO2 contribution solely. Specific Heat. What keeps me up at night is the loss of large swaths of arable land and ocean fish stock depletion. Those ranges dont overlap, so to oxygen and nitrogen, its as if the infrared waves dont even exist; they let the waves (and heat) pass freely through the atmosphere. The Green effect overpowers the Greenhouse effect after three months and is lasting. Just because the Earth has survived hell, doesnt necessarily mean the human species can or will. Credit: A loose necktie on Wikimedia Commons. . As a certified infrared thermographer, I have always had significant misgivings regarding the proposition of CO2 as a greenhouse gas on the basis of it absorbing and scattering emitted infrared from the earth, thus retaining this energy within the atmosphere. It is the monoatomics (Ar) and homonuclear diatomics (N2, O2) which are the actual greenhouse gases. The equation is for heat transfer between two surfaces, earth and the atmosphere. 1.5C is not a 10% rise in temperature! Therefore the sensitivity on the expensive FLIR camera is cranked down so low it only registers if something is on fire. All of the above highest authorities in climate science concur. CO2 is transported in the bloodstream to the lungs where it is ultimately removed from the body through exhalation. That is right when the human body starts to feel the effects of alcohol. Commercial drivers with a blood alcohol content of 0.04% can be convicted for driving under the influence. Why would this climate change be different? Anyone thinking that must have been emptying those bottles wholesale! Mann . So we know that even very low, natural levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases can make a huge difference in Earths climate. Havent you ignored the large effect of water vapor when you conclude that even very low CO2 and other greenhouse gases can make a huge difference Didnt you just incorrectly imply that water vapor percentage is very low by not mentioning it or its effect is minimal? But while water vapor is the dominant greenhouse gas in our atmosphere, it has "windows" that allow some of the infrared energy to escape without being absorbed. These natural volumes of water in air appear to be significantly in excess of the volumes of CO2. At the ministerial gathering, Mission Innovation 4, in Vancouver in May 2019, the 1.5C Compatible Solutions Framework was presented together with the 100 innovative solution providers with the greatest potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This lake is a part of a set of reservoirs owned by Georgia Power. 1/ the energy blocked in the greenhouse gas window is expressed as a percentage of total IR radiation. We can lower the temperature by reducing carbon emissions. The vibrationally excited state CO2 (01^10) emits radiation with a rate constant kr = 2.98 / s. This state may be deactivated in bimolecular collisions with CO2 and N2 in their vibrational ground state. 160K difference due the greenhouse effect. water vapour can build clouds, reflecting sunlight so lowering energy input. Am I correct? BY SARAH FECHT |FEBRUARY 25, 2021. The sun shines light upon the earth, both visible and infrared. The pilot of the second chopper, Michael James, managed to . In all cases it is a logarithmic function and not linear. I am strugling to find a percentage, or range of percentages showing the proven human activity responsible for the global warming. Earth reradiates that energy as infrared energy, which has a longer, slower wavelength. In all cases the heat is not actually trapped, it is made to linger longer while leaving. This excludes homonuclear diatomics, with the exception of O2 which has a triplet electronic ground state allowing magnetic dipole rotational transitions. CAS Registry Number: 124-38-9. This exclude homonuclear diatomic molecules such as O2 and N2 . 6.8 x 1014 s-1 had to be 6.8 x 10^14 / s and 5.5 x 1010 s-1 had to be 5.5 x 10^10 / s. The revised version of the comment appears below. You Asked: Should I Buy Biodegradable Materials If My Trash Just Goes to a Landfill? As this interglacial continues to warm the oceans and eventually melt the northern hemisphere like every other interglacial in the past, will release even more co2 before the next glacial period starts. In Photosynthesis basically each CO2 molecule will produce equal amount of O2. Im thinking of a 100 foot large diameter pipe with a tunable laser at one end pointed to a laser detector at the other end and the CO2 concentration varied from about 300 to 500 ppm. Copy Sheet of paper on top of another sheet. Further, how far must IR radiation travel before encountering a CO2 molecule that absorbs its energy at .04% concentration at standard temperature and pressure? 150 ppm is plant death. I chose this link because of a comment made regarding the use of carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, alleging that this fact makes climate change due to gasses like CO2 highly unlikely. How does the LWIR absorption properties affect both the lapse rate and the Effective Radiating Level? 100%, none of it escapes and this has been the case for centuries. Why would you want to go back to a climate that was bad for 700 years ? I assume the other types are a product of burning or combustion, how do those trace gases sty up in the clouds ?-for years. Stand. 10 %. We can avoid much of that damage and suffering through a combination of decarbonizing our energy supply, pulling CO2 out the atmosphere, and developing more sustainable ways of thriving. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb the infrared energy, re-emitting some of it back toward Earth and some of it out into space. Some time later, the molecule gives up this extra energy by emitting another infrared photon. So, the experiment shows that the CO2 is scattering the IR, regardless of the gass temperature. Unfortunately, neither you nor I know the exact conditions of the experiment and what temperature the CO2 gas was at. You get Q = 390 W m^-2. I can only imagine what compounding this around the world could do. Remember that an actual greenhouse works by hindering convection. what does the temperature in the left and right is for? Credit: Evans 2006 via Skeptical Science. Temp. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. That is unless you can prove CO2 doesnt do any such thing? From this point one can reasonably understand how the global warming can be linked to our activities that release waste heat. According to Smerdon, scientists think that long ago, Venus experienced a runaway greenhouse effect that boiled away almost all of the planets water and water vapor, remember, is also a heat-trapping gas. differences. But, by how much. Credit: NASA, With CO2 and other greenhouse gases, its different. CO2 is one of them as is H2O vapour. Eventually in several thousand years or so. Global . Since the science is settled, you no doubt have that explanation handy and it will no doubt be in peer reviewed form. So all the water received, built up as vapor from the start. Using the radiative heat transfer equation and applying it to a single layer model with the known values for Ts & Ta; When is Q negative for atmosphere to surface heat transfer? Greenhouse gases push the radiative energy loss from the surface up to higher in the atmosphere. Theres no good back up. I also read that vegetation plays a major role in low cloud formation. It is true that CO2 concentrations in some prehistoric eras were much higher than their current levels. Its behavior can easily be calculated using a formula. So the visible light can reach the earth and turn to heat. Then he cuts it short. What you write in the end is basically Urban Heat Island effect. I am very receptive to a genuine scientific and logic based argument (oh please not the ice core records) but have yet to encounter one. Nickerson, A survey of vibrational relaxation rate data for processes important to C02-N2-H20 infrared plume radiation. In the past, climate significant changes in the world wide climate occurred over extend periods of time that allowed evolutionary adaptation to occur in time to avoid catastrophic die-offs. Properties, uses and applications for carbon dioxide CO2 as gas, liquid, solid ice. 1500 ppm is a good level for these starved co2 plants we have today. Although CO2 does not reemit radiation, its effect on radiative transfer is evident above 60 km height. After absorbing this radiation from the sun, the earths surface radiates some of it back into space in the form of infrared radiation which has a little bit longer wave length than the various visible light wavelengths we see. In the climate discussion the fate of excited CO2 molecules in the earths atmosphere has been ignored. The atmosphere (including CO2) provides convection cooling to the Earths surface. (Note - assume a pressure of 100kPa and temperature of 25C to evaluate the specific volume of the air) c) During the winter months when the heat pump is operating, . Photoionization of CO2 yields the cation CO2+. Carbon dioxide is a different animal, however. Then he fills the chamber with gas from a cylinder. That is a laboratory FLIR. From infrared spectroscopy we know some gases absorb infrared energy in the infrared area. We believe this because of the preponderance of evidence found in the the fossil record the tells us so. In other words the greenhouse gas molecules catch the infrared energy trying to escape earth, and throw some of it back to earth. ie The air temperature is quoted according to scientific instruments, but the actual radiation intensity is much higher. Plus buildings have issues with ventilation so a 1000ppm outdoor setting would have much more inside. Why? Billions dead ? Thick clouds of sulfuric acid surround Venus and prevent 75% of sunlight from reaching the planets surface. If you read the quote above carefully you will note it says net zero, which means getting to the point where our CO2 emmissions are no longer increasing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. The greenhouse effect is when that heat tries to escape Earth, but some of it is trapped by different chemicals in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane. In loosing energy through collisions, all energy remains here and the greenhouse effect would be a lot stronger. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. Its generally drier in the winter when our local atmosphere is colder, and its more humid in the summer when its warmer., As carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases heat up the planet, more water evaporates into the atmosphere, which in turn raises the temperature further. There are more people on the planet, surely we need more plants to grow more food? Photosynthesis is endotermic reaction and good adsorber of extra energy. Conduction occurs with the molecules or atoms of a substance come into contact and transfer energy to one another. Earth's carbon dioxide levels are about 420 parts per million, compared to 280 before the industrial revolution and the Earth has warmed about 2 degrees (1.1 degrees Celsius) in that time. It would all rain out because temperature determines how much moisture can actually be held by the atmosphere.. If CO2 was such a terrific heat trapping gas, itd be used as a filler gas in dual pane windows. All human civilization and agriculture developed when the CO2 level was about 280 ppmv and the (mean global annual surface) temperature was 286-287 K. Serious deviations from that either way have the potential to badly disrupt our agriculture and our civilization. Its not only the plants, the Earths largest lungs are planctons wholl extinct if the temp of the sea rises a bit. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. healthier soil. More plant growth is healthy for the planet no matter how you look at it! @Joe in your equation below, this would be an expression for the energy balance at the surface, used to determine either the temperature of the surface or of the atmosphere, in a very idealized context, where the atmosphere is one big slab of stuff. Whereas oxygen and nitrogen do not respond to infrared waves, greenhouse gases do. (kPa) Enthalpy, kJ/kg . carbon dioxide, (CO2), a colourless gas having a faint sharp odour and a sour taste. 2 = Signifies that at 70F, the compound is below the normal boiling point and only the equilibrium vapor is present at 1 atmosphere. That will kill the plants as well everything else, and all just because co2 rising levels. Once, it was CFC depleting ozone layer. However under atmospheric conditions the excited molecule suffers many collisions during that period which convert the excitation energy into translational and rotational energy of the collision partners. Carbon Dioxide Capture Approaches. Vibrational transitions are limited to molecules whose electric dipole varies during the vibration. Although most water drops out of the atmosphere as rain there is still significant volumes of water in air across the globe where the temperature is above the dew point. The Influence of IR Absorption and Backscatter Radiation from CO2on Air Temperature during Heating in a Simulated Earth/Atmosphere Experiment: uhttps://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=99608. But by burning these fossil fuels, humans are adding a lot more carbon into the atmosphere and ocean, and the carbon sinks dont work fast enough to clean up our mess. Insufficient CO2 will make a block to plant growth. CO2 in its vibrational ground state may be excited to its vibrational excited state the response referred to many or all greenhouse gases, In the climate discussion the fate of excited CO2 molecules in the earths atmosphere has been ignored. Your third point:, more CO2 cant simply mean increased oceanic evaporation is incorrect. The atmosphere is not 2-3% artificial CO2 but 33% artificial CO2. Would have something specific to say about this one, say if it was posed directly to you? CO2 makes up only about 0.04% of the atmosphere, and water vapor can vary from 0 to 4%. Instead of adopting them, humanity has wasted decades bickering about who is right. Plants are great because they absorb energy, NOT because they happen to use CO2 to do this. In addition, the heat capacities of the above amines were also measured from 303.15 K to 353.15 K at an interval of 5 K. Since the person who made the assertion that drove me here has, in the past, expressed ideas that, while couched in seemingly articulate terms, strike me occasionally as patent conservative gobbledegook. With the help of Jason Smerdon, a climate scientist at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, we answer several of those questions here. 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carbon dioxide specific heat