Left Manila the Philippine capital on 23/7/43 taking 501 US prisoners to Japan and was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine USS Picuda (SS-382) in the Taiwan straits. The gun batteries on Blakang Mati were later destroyed or deliberately broken up to prevent them from falling into Japanese hands. Not one of them survived. The ship contained many injured service personnel and 64 Australian nurses of the 2/13th Australian General Hospital. All 500 internees were crowded into a single building, which had previously housed 60 soldiers, and the Japanese made little provision for food and water. We add around 200,000 new records each month. 3 0 obj However, at least now the young man has something himself to hope and hold on to. endobj Other officers were later tried, found guilty and executed. There are some Japanese who claim that the Japanese Army did their best to secure food for the POWs under the wartime conditions, but there is no denying that the POWs were in a poor physical condition toward the end of the war. Once a day, youd be given a meal. In 2016, Lances dad broke down to the press when his sons 50 year prison sentence was upheld. About 500 civilians, the great majority of Americans, were interned by the Japanese at Camp John Hay. From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more . However, after several escapes by POW officers and Other Ranks from Shamshuipo, Argyle Street was re-opened in mid-1942 as an officers' camp. Although Japanese registers the majority of the information is given in English. In 2016, the Thai Appeals Court dismissed this element of the punishment. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.56 842.04] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 7 0 obj It should be mentioned that they had the greatest difficulty in obtaining the necessary permits for each visit, that during the visit they had to refrain from all reference to humanitarian texts in order not to anger the Japanese authorities, and that the latter always regarded them with suspicion and ill-will. Prisoners are locked up rigorously under a strict regime for 13 hours a day and it is understood that the tedium of this is difficult to bear mentally. Sailed from Sandakan Borneo to Labuan Island 0n 30th august 1943 arriving 3rd September with 8 POWs. New Zealanders at Macassar received no mail at all. Despite the heat, there were two taps to collect water from, and each prisoner was limited to one quart of water (approximately 0.95 litres) for consumption and washing each day. Carried 1100 POWs from Singapore to Moji (Japan) on 30/10/42. Deck space was also used for the prisoners. The Japanese army decided its construction was vital as it was too dangerous to ship armed forces, goods and materials by sea and run the risk of US submarines (see the Hellships section to note the very high number sunk by Allied forces submarines during this period). Research & Articles by Lt. Col. Peter Winstanley OAM RFD (Retired), JP : Guestbook: . Few POW camp buildings were new. Such outrageous meals, in combination with rude guards and clogged toilets, often lead to different health and emotional problems. A type of military secret police, also largely responsible for counter-espionage activities. C- Japan, Left Singapore on 28/11/42 and arrival was split into those that went onto Kobe (Kawasaki) camp and Naoetsu (number 4 Tokyo camp). The camp commandants often refused to reply to questions put to them. The four others were recaptured by Imperial Japanese naval vessels, where one died shortly after reaching land. One significant point is that Lance and his family will not have pay the 3.3 million in fines originally imposed by the Thai court in 2015. Son Nguyen is an international writer and news commentator specialising in Thai news and current affairs. Liberation came between the 24th and 30th August 1945 when the POWs were transported to Pekanbaru, although too late for the near quarter of all allied POWs who died from disease, malnutrition, starvation and brutality. FAR FROM HOME: More than 2,500 British nationals are locked up in prisons overseas (Image: GETTY) Almost 900 of the villains crammed into foreign hell holes are drug dealers, with 154 child sex beasts and 102 caged for immigration offences. Arrived on 18th March with 60 POWs. This article provides a list of prisons by country. He claimed that inaccurate information about him had been supplied to the Thais and this had affected his case. A harrowing account of the sinking and murder of many POWs is found in the book Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II By Raymond Lamont-Brown. Many camps were re-designated during their lifetime hence some camp names may be worded differently or even have several versions. He said that he and other British prisoners received much worse treatment than other Europeans because the embassy and Foreign Office had done little to help them. The Junyo Maru had the worst death toll, 5,640 out of 6,520 POWs dying after the ship was sunk. sailed from Singapore on 16 May 43. In some camps, they had bread once a day. While hundreds of these POWs were not considered a threat by the Japanese and were used as 'guards' at Gun Club Hill Barracks and other areas, 500-600 Indian soldiers considered anti-Japanese were held at Ma Tau Chung in very unpleasant circumstances. As a result, the site had a well-constructed military infrastructure, including three major barracks Selerang, Roberts and Kitchener as well as many other smaller camps. The firing squad, consisting of four Indian National Army* soldiers stood some 50 yards away. WO 361/1753 Prisoners of war, Far East: Thailand list by Major Tanner, Royal Army Service Corps; deaths. 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Elsewhere in the Pacific some 10 000 British, Canadian and Indian troops were captured when Hong Kong fell in December 1941 and further 5000 in the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia) in early 1942. Carried 74 officers and government officials of the Dutch East Indies from Singapore to Formosa departing January 10th & taking 26 days in 1943. Mati Mati =wait, wait a nickname for this hell ship that zigzagged across the Pacific carrying POWs so much it was always a delayed journey. <> (Khwae Yai). He was sentenced to death. CHANGI POW CAMP was opened after Singapore's fall on February 15th 1942 and was the main camp for the captured British and Commonwealth forces. The cell floor resembled a mass grave, with arms and legs all over each other. It was the world's greatest sea disaster at the time with 5,640 dead. In most cases, existing warehouses, company employee dorms, or school buildings were remodelled and used as POW camp buildings. The Thailand-Burma railway was a 258 mile (415km) track route covering the distance between Bangkok Thailand and Rangoon Burma, it was built using slave labour under the control of the Japanese army during the period 1942-45. He revealed that he traveled regularly to the prison to bring his son food and expressed himself worried about his sons physical and mental condition. The engines were rated at 475 hp (354 kW). It is understood that in January he gave his permission to the agreement and is now awaiting on a decision from authorities in the UK and in Thailand. endstream Jake Mostraini, the Australian man, must wait at least two more years to even apply and will serve a far longer prison term in Australia as his sentence in Thailand was two life sentence terms. 2nd Lieutenant USAF Samuel C. Grashio survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp. <> In addition to those two hospitals, POWs were sometimes sent to nearby Army hospitals or hospitals that belonged to the companies where they worked. Lack of water, outside latrines, lack of screens for doors and windows, crowded buildings and the general lethargy of the prisoners contributed to poor sanitation. A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself. A rescue attempt (as per Cabanatuan) using US Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescued 2,147 Allied servicemen and Civilians from this camp. As stated earlier, the moral worth of the crime weighs the most, and even minor crimes can be punished severely. 11 0 obj Unlike weapons and supply transports (which were sometimes marked as Red Cross ships), these prisoner transports were unmarked and were targeted by Allied submarines and aircraft very often the majority of these ships were sunk by the end of the war. Object details Category Books . The POWs declined offers to blindfold. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. 73 Jaokunnen Rd, Ban Nua, Kanchanaburi 71000 Thailand, WO356 index numbers for specific camps within the National Archives. The final column shows the pre-trial/remand population rate per 100,000 of the national population. Ireland had 222 British offenders in jail, while Australia housed 144. The men were regarded as not fit enough to be transferred to working areas but were shipped out of Changi anyway on 13 trains with no ventilation and little food or water. endobj "On some occasions there were 24 of us in a cell of 26 sq metres and on a couple of occasions the guy beside me died," he said. This turned out to be the tipping point as the move would endanger the lives of gravely ill patients and also lead to the spread of diseases. While there are some contradictions about just how tough and nightmarish Thai prisons are or Klong Prem prison might be, it is a high security facility in Thailand notorious for the spread of diseases and conditions that are unhygienic. The Tokyo and Osaka Camps had attached hospitals, Shinagawa POW Hospital, and Kobe POW Hospital, which treated seriously ill patients from each branch camp. A 17,000-ton transport ship sunk by the submarine USS Gudgeon 28 April 1943 at 10-18N, 121-44E, Ship sunk by USS Sailfish (SS-192) 4 December 1943. The railway was started from both ends at more or less the same time with Australian POWs and Dutch internees being shipped to Burma also. For instance, a Brit was charged for defending himself after he had been attacked by a Thai gang. The total number of POWs who died in all the camps in Japan was about 10 % of those who were transported to the home islands. On October 24th 1944 Commander E. N. Blakely spotted the unmarked Arisan Maru through his periscope on the USS Shark submarine. For most of the war, Changi was one of the least brutal Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, particularly compared to those on BurmaThailand railway. Jinguashi (Chinkuashih) in modern-day Taiwan Kinkaseki is the Japanese name for it, ran from 1942-45. Generally, the Japanese guards were responsible for providing rice and other ingredients for meals, and the POWs took turns preparing the food. The UK man is lucky to have the support of a committed and active family both at home and in Thailand who visit him as often as possible and provide an impressive level of support. 15/5/42 Some 2000 Dutch & British POWs from Sumatra were transported to Mergui, Burma. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). Lance Whitmore pleaded guilty to the charges against him in 2015. No water and very little food were provided for the majority of this journey. Left Bugu, Mindanao on 3rd October 1942 for Manila carrying 268 POWs from Camp Casisang, they were then transferred to Bilibid prison. "One minute the person would be in the cell with you and the next they would be gone, although they have changed now to lethal injections. The country holding most British cons is USA, with 520. Like almost every British person there, he relied heavily on Prisoners Abroads support. When POWs wanted to spend money, they received cash from the POW officer and shopped outside the camp accompanied by a Japanese guard. 10 0 obj While we all associate Thailand with crazy parties, Thai massages, pristine beaches, and lush forests, the truth is that the country has strict moral codes and regulations. The number of deaths which occurred when Japanese "hell ships"unmarked transport ships in which POWs were transported in harsh conditionswere attacked by US and Royal Navy submarines were particularly high. Thus, in addition to the seven main camps, there were 81 branch camps and three detached camps at the end of the war. 4 Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /59 Taihoku West, Mountain Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /60 Taihoku & Indin, No 6 Camp, Jungle Camp, Taiwan, Formosa, JC /24 Argyle Street, Shamshuipo, "N" Camp, "S" Camp, Hong Kong, JC /88 Numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 Camps, Hiroshima, also Fukuoka 7 &12, Zentsuji 2, Japan, JC /176 Ube, Ube Camp Mines, Higarshimizome,Hakon Shu 2 Camp, Japan, JC /181 Mororan, Muroran, Musoyan, Mussian, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /182 Nisi Asibetsu Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /183 Akahera Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /189 Yokohama, Mitsubishi, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /201 Seida P.W. % By taking too aggressive a stand they would have run a great personal risk and would probably at the same time have jeopardized what scant opportunities for relief work they had. 2 bridges were constructed across the river although both were bombed successfully during the war (not sabotaged by commandos/special forces, however!). This is from a report courtesy of the National Library Board in Singapore 2006: The four men were made to line up, 3 paces apart, with their backs facing the sea. Wada was found guilty of causing the deaths of numerous American and Allied prisoners of war by neglecting to transmit to his superiors requests for adequate quarters, food, drinking water, and medical attention. In 1943 a work party from Java joined the POWs mainly for the construction of new airfields near Talangbetutu, 15 Km north of Palembang. At the Konan camp, some of the work was physically harder, such as stoking carbide furnaces. They are treated the worst of all. Brazil. Later that day Suga formally surrendered to Brigadier Thomas Eastick, the commander of Kuching Force (a detachment from the Australian 9th Division) at Batu Lintang camp. This extract courtesy of The New Zealand Historical publications branch: In their negotiations with the Japanese through neutral channels, the Allied authorities never ceased trying to obtain from the full information concerning the Allied nationals in their hands, regular facilities for the sending of relief supplies and mail, and permission for neutral inspectors to visit prisoner-of-war and internment camps. On April 23, 1942, the five hundred American and Western internees were moved to Camp Holmes from Camp John Hay, a former base of the Philippine constabulary, five miles away. She has been quoted as saying she would walk in there and take over her sons prison term if it was possible. Some prison cells have a hole in the centre of the ground that serves as a toilet for up to 80 prisoners at a time in a small cramped room. Maebashi Maru (AKA Maybashi/Maebassi maru), Mati Mati Maru (AKA Matti Matti Maru, Canadian Inventor). Sailed from Java to Singapore 28/10/42 carrying 500 POWs which were then transferred to the Dainichi Maru for travel to Moji, Japan. Colonel E. B. Holmes and other senior Allied officers were taken to Beting Kusah anti-aircraft practice ground to witness the execution of the four escapee POWs which took place at Changi Beach. F- Thailand 7000 inF Force, left Changi for Thailand between 16-18 April 1943. 13 0 obj The process of international prison transfers is overseen by Thai authorities and a special committee involving representatives of the judiciary, justice ministry, the Thai police, the Thai Attorney General as well as the Thai Department of Corrections. <> See the "Report on POW Supply Missions" for more details. Designed as a civilian cruise liner, in 1941 the ship became a troop transport for the Japanese Navy. My God, I thought. There appear to be a number of very close friends in Thailand who visit along with Lances father Russell. A set of 3 ships carried around 2200 POWs to Moji however. Don't miss a thing! Typically, they were two-storied wooden buildings in a compound surrounded by wooden walls topped with barbed wire. The surviving POWs then suffered treatment on a par with the worst of all the POW camps. {iIQIkMJt>-)7ID';%%Fg1lHSNC|!_m6by>?ttTb)'V$LvayXT:M0JXPe[TidX ]e.M*.]Bk01J FYhl4Y>!.&FL>b1sxskZ1"tj8]~l|NIx+Jc2k D- Thailand 5000 powsleft Changi for Bampong in four groups between 14 and 18 March 1943. Changi was liberated by troops of the 5th Indian Division on 5 September 1945 and within a week troops were being repatriated. His brother says he is innocent and claims he was tortured in detention. -U|:9x|D')N SDdY{| dt(AMLFp&=L7s2{q$0DdIPPgQ0r(Xq}8G}Z"U0yMPu\^$tk>$i11* 'ndmME!@+ahfDP$N&%N? Sunk by US submarine USS Whale (SS-329) on 17/2/43 on a voyage from Saipan to Truk with 900 POWs aboard. Lances mother is deeply committed and devoted to her son as is his father. Nazi concentration camps. Camp Gloegoer I was was from April until May 1942 located in former coolies sheds a kilometre east of the main road. Thai prisons are known to be very difficult for foreign, western prisoners, without support both materially and mentally, to survive. Carried 1,000 prisoners from Makassar, Celebes to Nagasaki, Japan beginning October 10th, 1942 and arriving 13 days later. Companies paid the total wages to the accountant officer of the Japanese Army, who gave it to a POW officer, who paid the POWs. Some POWs testified that they had never received any pay in any form. Fifteen US soldiers and sailors were killed as well as thirteen merchant seamen rescued from the sunk freighter American Leader. Mr Davies, who has a previous conviction in the UK in the 1960s for obtaining money by deception, has written an account of his time inside which he hopes will be published. 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list of british prisoners in thailand