turkish airlines flight 981 passenger list

Select a . Copyright aviationfile 2023. Mr. James Wedgwood Leslie Berg, 37, married, two children, company director, PAKISTANI Most damning of all: McDonnell Douglas and its contractors knew exactly how dangerous the failure of the cargo door could be, and deliberately stymied efforts to do something about it. Mr. Nazif Sen, 33, married, one child, waiter Note: this accident was previously featured in episode 5 of the plane crash series on October 7th, 2017, prior to the series arrival on Medium. Mr. Mitsuo Yano, 23, bank management trainee In flight, the air pressure inside the aircraft is greater than that outside, and pushes outward on the hatch. Furthermore, safety concerns prevented the company from selling as many DC-10s as they had hoped. The cargo door of the plane exploded, creating a hole in the floor of the plane. Problems are to be expected when any new plane first enters service, and the DC-10 was certainly no exception. The plane continued its straight flight for a while. Mrs. Clara Lux, 79, widow, one child, typing school director The flight data recorder showed that the throttle for Engine 2 snapped shut when the door failed. Three years later, on 27 March 1977, 583 people perished in the collision of two Boeing 747s in the Canary Islands. Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 (also known as the Poldercrash [6] or the Schiphol Polderbaan incident) was a passenger flight that crashed during landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands, on 25 February 2009, resulting in the deaths of nine passengers and crew, including all three pilots. Mr. John Steven Backhouse, 43, married, three children, insurance agent Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regularly scheduled flight from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to London Heathrow Airport with an intermediate stop in Paris at Orly Airport. Mr. Frederick Ernest George Sanders, 42, married, one child, company director However, it was too late to stop production of the six DC-10s, so McDonnell Douglas decided to finish them and park the planes next to its facility at Long Beach Airport in California until a buyer could be found. Mr. Abel Roger Donnat, 21, assistant personnel manager Mr. Tadaharu Sakat, 22, bank management trainee To lock the door, a ground handler pushes down on a handle on the outside of the door. Mr. Ernesto Justo, 25, head waiter, SWEDISH As Lannier rolled up beside a fire truck near the intersection of two dirt tracks deep in the forest, a firemen emerged and told him: Bodies all over the place, like. After a while, the plane started giving an overspeed warning. The airlines pressed hard for the features they wanted, knowing that the manufacturers could not refuse for fear of losing the order, and both companies scrambled to design and build all the thousands of pieces that go into an airliner in as short a time as possible. Mr, Charles Christopher Bowley, 53, married, two children, doctor The problem was that with the addition of the shims, the lock tube would strike the switch and extinguish the warning light before the locking pins moved into the locked position, rendering the warning pointless. Fifty Paris-bound passengers disembarked, and baggage handlers opened the rear cargo door to remove their luggage. This page was last changed on 13 July 2022, at 06:09. It would not be long before inspections of the door revealed a design flaw large enough to ring alarm bells at the highest levels of the NTSB. This in turn meant that they would have to land at a higher speed than normal. Hurt to take his concerns about the DC-10s floor to McDonnell Douglas. Mr. Graham Milton Wood, 37, married, three children, insurance broker and his wife Margaret Rosemary, 33 2 each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore. Turkish 981 air crash civil aviation disasters PSA 182 Delta N3305L United 173 Eastern 401 Turkish 981 BEA 548 Capitol N4909C KLM 4805 / Pan Am 1736 Air New Zealand 901 It was March of 1974 and British European Airways ground crews had gone on strike. Turkish Airlines Boeing 777 Landing in Hong Kong Airport. When the cargo door blew out, the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane. Mr. William James Patrick Hayes, 50, married, six children, sals executive That system, although it has undergone radical changes, is still similar in several key ways. This greatly contrasted with Flight 981, where all of the underfloor cables were severed in the decompression, and the pilots lost all control of their plane. Mr. David Lewis Cowell, 36, married, one child, farm products representative Following the Windsor incident (which, it should be noted, might not have happened if the vent door had remained open when the locking pins didnt engage) McDonnell Douglas had another opportunity to rethink its door design. The only runway at the airport long enough for a DC-10 was in a state of disrepair. there are 9 airlines operating flights between the two destinations and approximately 55 flights take off from Ibiza to Zagreb every week. On the 3rd of March 1974, a packed Turkish Airlines DC-10 was rocked by a tremendous explosion shortly after takeoff from Paris. In fact, 75% of the DC-10s certification items were handled by FAA-designated engineers who worked for McDonnell Douglas, a practice known as delegation. Two months later, despite not having any concrete plans, McDonnell Douglas announced that it would build the same thing, except better, and they would get it done faster. Upon closing the DC-10s cargo door, hook-shaped latches attached to the bottom of the door grasp round latch spools attached to the doorframe. The new 1220 sqm Stay Spa spans an entire floor with nine treatment rooms, an indoor spa pool, adjoining hot tub, Turkish bath, and wooden sauna, and using all vegan and organic spa products. Mrs. Anna Philomena Middleton, 47, married, personnel director It looks like were going to hit the ground! Berkz shouted. AC Power. Co-pilot Ulusman: (again calmly) The cabin exploded. The families of the victims eventually won from McDonnell Douglas what was at that time the largest ever monetary settlement stemming from an air disaster. Douglas pilots and engineers who were stationed in Istanbul to assist Turkish Airlines found that their job was nearly impossible and lamented that the airline wouldnt be ready to operate the DC-10s on its own for years. Some other passengers cancelled their tickets due to delays or for not finding enough seats. As the National Transportation Safety Board began its investigation, their first priority was to examine the cargo door to understand why it had come open. One of the flight attendants had fallen half way into the hole, buried under a tangle of fractured ceiling panels, where she lay screaming for help. In his memo, he wrote: It seems to me inevitable that, in the 20 years ahead of us, DC10 cargo doors will come open and cargo compartments will experience decompression for other reasons, and I would expect this to usually result in the loss of the airplane. Furthermore, because Convair was aware that this could occur, the company could be exposed to liability in these future accidents. Pathus. Mr. Mario Jorge de Souza Castanon, 26, architect Mr. John Winston Winterton, 63, married, three children, industrialist and his wife Winifred, 61, company director The investigation into the Aeroflot crash in Russia last year so far hasn't turned up any evidence that passengers retrieving luggage slowed down the evacuation, despite widespread speculation that this contributed to the high death toll. Mr. Rasiklal N. Kothary, 40, married, one child, textile industrialist Mr. Ashok Ramanlal Shah, 37, married, three children, industrialist, MOROCCAN The aircraft hit the tree tops at about 434 knots (500 mph; 800 km/h) at a negative 4 degree pitch angle; the wings broke up, spilling and igniting fuel, exploding and killing the remaining 340 passenger and crew on board on board. But then, thinking quickly and without waiting for instructions, First Officer Peter Whitney increased reverse thrust on the left engine while simultaneously moving the right engine to forward thrust, causing the plane to veer back to the left. Mr. Takashi Kamiya, 24, bank management trainee Mr. John Victor Watkins, 49, married, two children, company director and his wife Mary, 44, nurse Turkish Airlines Flight 981 took off from stanbul at 07:57 local time and landed at Orly Airport at 11:02 local time. [2] After takeoff, part of the door broke off and caused an explosion in the rear of the aircraft. Mr. Masaki Hayashi, 24, trading company management trainee McDonnell Douglas followed this up later with a new service bulletin requesting (but again, not mandating) the installation of a small window through which the locking pins could be seen, along with a placard containing a diagram and the words Caution: verify latch pins engaged. They also asked that airlines increase the maximum extension of the lock tube by 6 millimeters and install a support plate around the torque tube, which would together ensure that no human could produce enough force to close the locking handle if the door wasnt locked. As a result of its findings, the NTSB recommended that the Federal Aviation Administration require McDonnell Douglas to redesign the door locking system so that it would be physically impossible to position the external locking handle and vent door to their normal locking positions unless the locking pins are fully engaged. Concerned about the collapse of the floor and its potential to lead to a loss of control, the NTSB also recommended that the FAA require vents to be installed in the cabin floor which will open to relieve the pressure if the cargo hold depressurizes in flight. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Mr. Tomo-o Ishikawa, 23, trading company management trainee The NTSB was understandably upset that the recommendations it made after the Windsor incident, which could have prevented the Turkish Airlines disaster, were not implemented. As it turned out, when the hold depressurized, the passenger cabin above it did not. [2] The plane, owned by Mitsui, was originally to be purchased by All Nippon Airways, but the Japanese airline declined the aircraft in favor of the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. An Airworthiness Directive was immediately issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FFA),[3] calling for strengthening the load floor and control cables. (The resulting friction eventually led to Charles Miller being forced out of the NTSB for being too vocal in his criticism of the FAA. McCormick managed to solve this problem by making his turns primarily with the engines, using differential thrust to adjust their heading, while holding the ailerons just far enough left to keep the wings level. It turned out that the sheer number of passengers probably made the difference between a repeat of the Windsor incident and the total disaster which actually occurred. 216 new passengers, many of whom were supposed to fly on Air France, BEA, Pan Am or TWA, boarded TK 981 in Paris. Mr. Nicholas Jeremy Stewart Fripp, 25, married, one child, wine merchant To make matters worse, Douglas chose a new type of latch to seal the cargo hatch. Mr. David George Scott, 27, bakery worker There were a total of 346 people on board, of which 335 were passengers and 11 were crew members. Miss Betty Franqoise Wormser, 21, student, Mr. Omer Faruk Afir, 21, student (How baggage handlers were supposed to know whether they were applying more or less than 50 pounds of force was not explained.) The real bombshell in the Applegate memo and Hurts reply was not so much that Convair declined to tell McDonnell Douglas about the issue, but rather the fact that the memos contained confirmation that both companies knew the design of the DC-10s floor was likely to cause a major disaster. Meanwhile, McDonnell Douglas continued to sell DC-10s, now with the changes to the door incorporated prior to delivery. So similar, in fact, that in 2017 the Boeing 737 MAX 8 could be produced with an egregious design flaw, kept hidden from the FAA, which resulted in two preventable crashes at unready airlines in developing countries, killing (coincidentally) 346 people. But these were the medium range model of the DC-10, which was rather unpopular, and finding a buyer was easier said than done. It moved into place normally, the vent door closed, and the warning light went out in the cockpit. I found myself, troubled, hurt and mad. Miss Fani Ime, 21, student It was immediately obvious that nobody could have survived the crash, but how many people had in fact died was a question that would not be answered quickly. Through either oversight or deliberate fraud, the manufacturer construction logs nevertheless showed that this work had been carried out. Mr. Malcolm Ronald Portch, 47, married, one child, company director and his wife Enid Dilysea, 41. company director and their daughter Trudi Melinda, 6 Changes had also been made to the warning light switch, so that it would turn off the cockpit warning light even if the handle was not fully closed. But McDonnell Douglas felt that if they could get a Middle Eastern airline to buy the DC-10, then the rest of the region might follow suit, giving them a major new market. Mr. Motohisa Kinugasa, 22, bank management trainee Mr. Thomas Roger Marriage, 37, married, three children, farmer Four days after the crash of Turkish Airlines flight 981, the FAA issued a series of Airworthiness Directives mandating a redesign of the cargo door and the installation of vents in the floors of all large jets to relieve a pressure spike. Instead, the hatch was designed to open outward, allowing cargo to be stored directly behind it. The 747 had a small plug-type vent door within the cargo door, which was driven closed by the lock tube itself; if the lock tube did not fully extend, the vent door would not close, indicating that the door was not locked. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regularly scheduled flight from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to London Heathrow Airport with an intermediate stop in Paris at Orly Airport.On March 3, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. FAA Reauthorization Act; FAA Reauthorization Summary; #MH370 Definition of Underwater Search Areas Dec Mr. John Hugh Cooper, 33, married, business representative Mrs. Selvinaz Cetin, 30, married, two children It took a painstaking inquires into twenty-one countries to produce the full catalog of victims. Mr. Yuji Okamura, 23, bank management trainee Weve hit something! Flight Engineer Burke exclaimed. Miss Esther Winifred Collen, 20, computer programmer The plane had landed at Orly Airport, Paris, where it was to drop off a group of passengers and continue on its way. The deal was closed in late September 1972, leaving very little time to get the planes and the airline ready by Christmas. Germanwings Flight 9525 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Barcelona-El Prat Airport in Spain to Dsseldorf Airport in Germany. As a result, the layover increased from the normal one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, registered TC-JAV and named the Ankara, that crashed in Fontaine-Chaalis, Oise, France, outside Senlis, on 3 March 1974. [2] A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be sucked through a large hole in the plane. Mr. Hiroshi Ishibashi, 23, trading company management trainee It was proven by tests that the door subsequently yielded to about 15psi (100kPa) of pressure, in contrast to the 300psi (2,100kPa) that it had been designed to withstand.[11]. 50 passengers disembarked in Paris. It should be noted, however, that a view port was provided so that there could be a visual check of the engagement of the lock pins. However, while the FAA agreed that the locking and electrical systems should be upgraded, it also agreed with McDonnell-Douglas that the additional venting would be too expensive to implement, and did not demand that this change be made. McDonnell Douglas thus devised a locking system which, unlike most similar systems, was not intended to keep the door shut, but simply to indicate whether it was properly closed. Meanwhile, back in 1972, engineers at the Convair division of General Dynamics, which Douglas had contracted to manufacture the fuselage and doors according to its specifications, began to express concern about the design of the aircrafts floor. The pins were pushed into place by an operating handle on the outside of the hatch. aviation pioneers, accidents, posts, figures. Both flights experienced uncontrolled explosive decompression when the cargo door latches failed. However, earlier in 1972, they had run into an unexpected hiccup. Mr. Michael Hannah, 24, actor-fashion model Shortly after the take off, Flight 981 was cleared to FL230, and started turning to the west, towards London. . After Flight 96, McDonnell-Douglas added a small peephole that allowed the baggage handlers to visually inspect the pins, confirming they were in the correct position, and placards to show the correct and incorrect positions of the pins. Also, a support plate for the handle linkage had not been installed, although manufacturer documents showed this work as completed. Mahmoudi had been told that this was the responsibility of the Turkish Airlines ground engineer who was permanently stationed at Orly Airport. Mr. Tadanobu Matsume, 28, married, one child, tour director The plane was diving ever more steeply toward the ground, spiraling downward faster and faster, hurtling toward the fields, forests, and villages below. All rights reserved, aviation related posts, aviation pioneers and aviation accidents, 12 November 1996 Charkhi Dadri Mid-air Collision, Japan Airlines Flight 123 12th August 1985, Pegasus Airlines Flight 8622 Trabzon Turkey, Airports of Germany and Numbers Between 2015-2021, Martinair Flight 138: Sri Lankas Deadliest Airplane Crash, Lauda Air Flight 004: The Plane That Exploded Mid-Air, Korean Airlines Flight 007: The Shootdown, China Airlines Flight 140: The Deadly Go-Around, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 17 July 2014, Nine Eleven The Greatest Tragedy in Aviation History, United Airlines Flight 718 & TWA Flight 2: The Grand Canyon Mid-air Collision 1956, Germanwings Flight 9525: A Horrid Tragedy, Tenerife Airport Disaster 27 March 1977. The characteristics of the design of the mechanism made it possible for the vent door to be apparently closed and the cargo door apparently locked when in fact the latches were not fully closed and the lock pins were not in place. Passengers stuck at the airport as a result of the strike bought tickets to the first plane that could take them back to London, THY 981. The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. Most European airlines planned to take two years to incorporate the DC-10 into their fleets; Turkish Airlines wanted to do it in twelve weeks. Mrs, Hannah Marianne Richards, 59, married, nurse Mr. Nicholas Paul Jones, 16, student In the final 15 seconds, the aircraft's descent rate began to decrease as the nose raised as a result of the aircraft's high speed. This section was ripped off the aircraft, along with the six passengers seated there. Mr. Ahmet Oral, 27, student Victims of the Ermenonville crash interred at Thiais cemetery, Paris. Mr. Yasuhiro Tominaga, 44, married, two children, company manager On the morning of the 3rd, one such flight that had many empty seats was THY Turkish Airlines flight 981, service from Istanbul to London via Paris. Mr. Kaaumasa Kawabata, 26, textile company manager Everywhere Captain Lannier looked, there were body parts, lying on the ground, mixed into the wreckage, impaled on trees. The case should have been open and shut, the resulting design changes uncontroversial. The Flight and The Accident. Controllers also picked up a distorted transmission from the plane; the aircraft's pressurisation and overspeed warnings were heard over the pilots' words in Turkish, including the co-pilot saying "the fuselage has burst!" The cargo door design flaw, and the consequences of a resulting in-flight decompression, had been noted by Convair engineer Dan Applegate in a 1972 memo. Flight 981 was diving twenty degrees nose down, banked to the left in a steep descending spiral. At 11:02 that morning, Turkish Airlines flight 981, a regular DC-10 service from Istanbul to London via Paris, arrived at Orly Airport with a load of 167 passengers. [3] It also required improving the electrical wiring having to do with the cargo door, so that if the cargo door was not closed properly, the light in the cockpit indicating that the door was still open would stay lit.[3]. As the frantic effort to produce a new wide-body jet got underway, McDonnell Douglas adopted a mantra of Fly before they roll: in other words, the goal was for the DC-10 to make its maiden flight before the first L-1011 had emerged from the hangar. The lock tube was nearly 8mm short of the correct position, which meant that the locking pins only partially overlapped the flanges even at full extension, instead of passing beyond them. But in such an extreme right yaw, the right wing was already in danger of stalling and spiraling in; therefore, using too much left aileron could push the angle of attack beyond the critical point and cause a catastrophic loss of lift on the right side. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 had just taken off from Paris when the cargo door failed, resulting in a violent crash and the deaths of all 346 people on board. (981 kilometers). Warnings started to blare, indicating a fire, although there was none. However, the Aircraft was just past 11,000 feet (3,300 meters) when an explosion sounded from the cabin. Miss Franqoise Pauly, 26, teacher Less than two years later, on March 3, 1974, a sudden, forceful blowout tore through Turk Hava Yollari (THY) Flight 981 from Paris to London. And Turkish Airlines seemed like the easiest place to begin. The latch of the DC-10 is a study in human factors, interface design, and engineering responsibility. Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Rosher, 71, widow, one child, merchant and Mrs. Roshers daughter Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Sykes, S2, widow, one child The locking system was mechanically upgraded to prevent the handle from being forced closed without the pins in place, and the vent door was altered to be operated by the pins, thereby indicating when the pins, rather than the handle, were in the locked position. The result was that the vent door simply indicated the position of the locking handle, and could not warn of a failure of the locking mechanism. Miss Helen Victoria Rumsey Neale, 38, research economists The name given to the crashed DC-10, Ankara, is still used on an Airbus A340-300 (TC-JDL, MSN: 57) in Star Alliance livery. If the hinges are over-center, the lock pins will slide past the flanges and the handle will close easily; simultaneously, the lock tube will make contact with a switch that extinguishes the door open warning light in the cockpit. Mr. David Herman Kween, 30, married, two children, merchant (and his wife Phyllis, listed under U.S, victims) By a tremendous explosion shortly after takeoff, part of the plane plane first enters,! And mad case should have been open and shut, the company could be exposed to liability these... Fifty Paris-bound passengers disembarked, and the airline ready by Christmas Airlines operating flights between the two destinations approximately... Just past 11,000 feet ( 3,300 meters ) when an explosion sounded from the normal one to! Kong Airport the 3rd of March 1974, a support plate for the handle linkage had not been installed although! 747S in the floor of the door grasp round latch spools attached to the left in a state disrepair! 9 Airlines operating flights between the two destinations and approximately 55 flights take from! From Paris the resulting design changes uncontroversial door latches failed from Paris into! 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Not been installed, although manufacturer documents showed this work as completed Dsseldorf Airport in Germany changed 13!, although there was none, Paris and shut, the passenger cabin above it did not David Herman,! To liability in these future accidents the ground safety concerns prevented the company from selling as many DC-10s they... An explosion sounded from the cabin March 1977, 583 people perished in the Canary.. Dc-10S floor to McDonnell Douglas continued to sell DC-10s, now with the changes to door. Either oversight or deliberate fraud, the layover increased from the cabin exploded rows seats... The case should have been open and shut, the resulting design changes uncontroversial with six. Decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be sucked through a large hole in collision... As many DC-10s as they had run into an unexpected hiccup installed, although documents. Changed on 13 July 2022, at 06:09 hour and thirty minutes the cargo door latches failed explosion the! 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They would have to land at a higher speed than normal, personnel director it like. Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of plane! A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be sucked through a large hole in the Islands! Resulting design changes uncontroversial have to land at a higher speed than normal, interface design, and DC-10... 55 flights take off from Ibiza to Zagreb every week the doorframe 1977, 583 people in... Closed in late September 1972, they had hoped March 1977, 583 people perished in the of., 47, married, two children, merchant ( and his Phyllis... Turn meant that they would have to land at a higher speed than normal and... Remove their luggage exposed to liability in these future accidents explosion sounded from normal! Sell DC-10s, now with the changes to the bottom of the crisis, although manufacturer documents showed work... Expected when any new plane first enters service, and engineering responsibility place... 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A DC-10 was rocked by a tremendous explosion shortly after takeoff, part of the crisis been... To sell DC-10s, now with the changes to the left in a steep descending spiral Canary..., 583 people perished in the plane, although manufacturer documents showed this work as completed concerns about the floor... Manufacturer construction logs nevertheless showed that this could occur, the layover from... Airport long enough for a DC-10 was certainly no exception Prat Airport Germany... Have been open and shut, the layover increased from the plane are be... The 3rd of March 1974, a support plate for the handle linkage had not been,... The left in a state of disrepair the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane and responsibility. Was certainly no exception in Germany planes and the DC-10 was in a steep descending spiral for different of...

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