We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. = ( ) = .. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . Online. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. . Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. 3) higher schools, namely Usually, there is no financial support for the students who must earn their living by begging and occasional works. When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. display: none !important; To specialize in Qene so as to be a teacher in a higher school, the student must attend several schools and study more branches of Qene, which means studying and wandering for some years more. The Qne bet student is frequently compared the hermit (mnna, from mnnn, to renounce; KaneDic 272f.) 12 - () = . = , 21. Online Status. Now the child practices read learns to take much care over words that must be read to together, the accents, the pauses and the soft or hard pronunciations of the syllables. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. " " " " . In turn, the knowledge of Qne bet is a precondition of the study of andmta in the mshaf bet. This hope is perhaps one of the motives that encourages the student to spend more that half of his life at such a school. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. GUNDI WEYNI ( ) : https://youtu.be/8rKoXPaauI47. The final stage known as Qum Nebab is simple, if the above stage are well-mastered. C) Reading the Psalms The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. This is considered one of the most important events in the life of the pupil. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. The teaching method allows the boy free activities and movements as illustrated below. This role is encouraged by the shortage of places in government schools and the consequent preference given to children who can already read and write. = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction ' , 1. = , 9. Besides this, the student is attracted by the adventurous and romantic life of a begging and wondering student, about whom much is spoken and fabulous stories are told. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. The Qne bet takes from three to five years. What is the process of learning the letters? : 1 - c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . () = , 31. Nsebho LeEgziabher Sibuha Zetesebha 1 Yaredawi . . In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. BETI HAILI : ( ) : https://youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. He must also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values (Alemayyehu Moges 1973: 92). , 15 -. = , 20 - . = , 8 - ( ) = - ., 9 - ( ) = , 10 - = ( ) - ., 03. Gradually the pupil masters the art of good reading. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. = , 4. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. The large number of characters (33 in 7 orders) with the differences and irregularities of the related sets are not easily grasped by the beginner. Zm has usually been identified as the music of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, an institution dating from the Ethiopian court's acceptance of Christianity in the fourth century. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. ( = ), 001. .. = , 20. Therefore, these patristic writings are not to be considered critically, but simply learnt by heart. They are known as ararai, ezil and geeze. Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Rather, it is as a mnemonic. , 1. Your email address will not be published. }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. () = When this group leaves the teacher, another group or individual comes to read to the teacher and hears his commentary. The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. For, in spite of the inevitable changes taking place in Ethiopia with the steady expansion of modern secular education in the present century, church schools still play an active part in the Ethiopian educational scene. , 14. This is particularly important for those students who plan to continue on the higher learning, since passages from the Psalms are used frequently in the hymns and poems of the church. Around that period, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers. = , 22. + Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. () = () ., 10 - () = , 11 - ( ) = ( ) - ., 12 - () = , 9. = , 25. There are Qene forms or models that the student has to master in order to be able to compose the Qene poems which are sung in different sections of the liturgy of the church or used to celebrate church and state ceremonials. The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. [ . ], 30. The instruction in the Nebab bet is given in three different stages: . Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. Here the child practices reading at a very lively pace, but without mistakes. Saint John Chrysostom, Qerlos and others. (..). The majority of the Debtera are laymen, and as such they are not allowed to serve in the mass and the administration of sacraments. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) . = , 21. Wandering students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the higher classes. These are the only members of the clergy who are allowed to celebrate the mass and administer sacraments. () = , 2. raider. .. = , 19. Ethiopian liturgical chant, or Zema, is a form of Christian liturgical chant practiced by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. [6] He invented three forms of chanting. The activities of the priest, therefore, are limited to the rituals, which do not usually demand the understanding of the Scriptures. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). The main one is that the student understands the Geez language in the Qene school. [ . ], 3. However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. . In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. The expressions are vividly illustrated with parables, analogies, proverbs, and popular wisdom. One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. Roles of Orthodox teachings. c) Metsehaf Bet He may be called upon to read and write letters. ( ) = , 2. The exercise of reading can be quite difficult for the beginner, particularly because the text is in Geez, a language no longer spoken and therefore far from the experience of the child. = [ ], 8. The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . = , 5. Everything there is to Ethiopia from around the web. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. . [4] Most of the Ethiopian Highlands had been Miaphysite Christian since the fourth century. In all these schools the students must learn the material by heart. () = , 21. The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared.Through history, the Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. THE CHURCH OF ETHIOPIA A PANORAMA OF HISTORY AND SPIRITUAL LIFE 2, 117). The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church > > > > > > //// . After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. . To demonstrate this we should describe the average study day at the Zema Bet. . . ADE EYESUS ( ) : https://youtu.be/Kg9KflxOW5M8. Low and deep voice. 6 the functions of deacon and of a priest in the liturgy. The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. . . In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. : 1: - - - After repeating the entire book of Psalms several times using Wurdnebab, he continues reading for months, even over a year, using the Qum-Nebab reading method. On the day of his graduation the student is asked, by the guests and students present, to im- provize as many qne as they wish. ( ) Most studies conclude that there has been impressive consistency since the 1500s. ? Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. . At this stage memorization is not felt as a burden by the student, because ever since his early days in the Nebab Bet he has developed his powers of memorization. This page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51. () = , 17. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. With the expansion of the Kingdom and Christianity to the south and southwest, churches and monasteries were founded, which became for centuries important centers of learning. Addis Ababa December 1970. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. The first subject of study for the child is the set of Geez letters, known as the Fidel. selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. () - ., 10. = . = [ = , 3. He can then practice reading different religious texts. Traditional education derives its distinctive character from the unique Christian heritage of the country. The teacher normally does not set a formal examination to judge the work of the pupil. After the great wars, particularly after the 17th century, cultural activities declined. = , 8 . TELEMEN (): https://youtu.be/lEIR5RLZf6o#Debeseymezmur #EritreaorthodoxTewahdo #EthiopiaOrthodoxMezmurSubscribe https://youtu.be/Cqo7dsEE7Wo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoZemari Filmon Yebyo ' Subscribe #Eritrea orthodox, #Ethiopian orthodox,#Tigrinya mezmur, #Amharic Mezmur, #Addis Ababa,Teahdo mezmur, #Debesey Mezmur, #orthodox tewahido,ethiopian news,seifu on ebs,ethiopian orthodox church,ethiopian orthodox tewahedo,orthodox sibket,daniel kibret,begena mezmur,ethiopian orthodox sibket,ethiopian orthodox mezmur new,eritrean music,Eritrea orthodox tewahdo,amharic mezmur,eritrea orthodox tewahdo,bereket tikue,keyari tarikey,bereket tikue mezmurEritrea orthodox tewahdo\reritrean music\rethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam\rethiopian orthodox mezmur new\rethiopian orthodox mezmur\rethiopian orthodox sibket\rbegena mezmur\rdaniel kibret\rorthodox sibket\rethiopian orthodox tewahido\rethiopian orthodox tewahedo\rtewahido church\rethiopian orthodox church\rseifu on ebs\rethiopian news\rorthodox tewahido\rDebesey Mezmur\rTeahdo mezmur\rAddis Ababa\rAmharic Mezmur\rTigrinya mezmur\rEthiopian orthodox\rEritrea orthodoxEritrean music\r Eritrea orthodox tewahdo\rethiopian orthodox sibket\rbegena mezmur\rdaniel kibret\rorthodox sibket\r#ethiopian orthodox tewahedo\rethiopian orthodox church\rseifu on ebs\rethiopian news\r#orthodox tewahido\rAddis Ababa\rAmharic Mezmur\rTigrinya mezmur\r\r#Eritrea orthodox\rHidmona\rnew eritrean movie 2020\r#Debesey Mezmur\rethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam\rethiopian orthodox mezmur\rTeahdo mezmur\rnihemia\rmusic eritrea\reritrea music\rcomedy of eritrea\reritrea comedy\rhidmona comedy\rwarwarta\reritrean film\reritrean movie 2020\reritrean music 2020\reritrean comedy\reritrean movie\reritrean film 2020\rbest eritrean film 2020\rNew eritrean comedy 2020\rhdmona tv\rhabesha comedy\rhabesha music\rHDMONA NEBARIT\rMahlet\rEritrean\rethiopian orthodox mezmur new\rBereket\reritrea orthodox tewahdo\rethiopian orthodox tewahido\r#tewahido church\ramharic mezmur\rShegye Shegitu\rbest music\rNew Eritrean Music 2020\rEthiopia music\rRora\rNew ethiopian tigrigna\radmas\rAmharic\rTigray\rATA Eritrea orthodox tewahdo/eritrean music/ethiopian orthodox mezmur mariam/ethiopian orthodox mezmur new/ethiopian orthodox mezmur/ethiopian orthodox sibket/begena mezmur/daniel kibret/orthodox sibket/ethiopian orthodox tewahido The wandering student expects a high position in the church hierarchy. The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. . B TIMKETKA (): https://youtu.be/5xfT3aTCWOY4. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church had been administratively part of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria from the first half of the 4th century until 1959, when it was granted autocephaly with its own patriarch by Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. b) Qene Bet The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. The work of the day is first reviewed, in which a lively discussion is usually generated. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. a) Fidel Instruction = , 16. Fewer young people are motivated to study in the higher church schools. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. Quick Summary . = , 28 - = . (Literature school). The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. The following illustration may make this clear. All depends on the availability of books. . The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. . . = , 1. ( ) = , 13. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. = , 3. Each group sings from a single text, or one of the groups sings and the rest observe him. There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. Normally children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn. [8] a) Zema Bet (Music school) b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) c) Metsehaf Bet which again have different subdivisions. ( ) = , 4. The next day the student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition. The first type is known as Beluy. . = , 30 . = , 2. When he was studying a particular part of the Fidel the student unrolled the parchment and fixed the two-ends of the roll on a wooden stick with a piece of cloth or string. ], 8. Ethiopia is, after all, the only African country to have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half. [7] The Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church attests that Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature. The teacher first translates the sentence into Amharic and then comments on it. = [ .. ], 3. Refresh. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. = , 12. . = , 26. . For the authority of tradition in present day Ethiopia remains compelling and forceful. = , 14. When the pupil is able to read a text, he starts a new lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e. . The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the House of Reading is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Different subdivisions or one of the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, the student understands the language. Of his life at such a school types which are however not as as! Teacher and hears his commentary become cantors of Ethiopian Christians these schools the students has mastered the hymn he... Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on it a part of the groups sings and the Wurdnebab process. Next day the student understands the Geez language in the life of the traditional Church education lively. ; KaneDic 272f. here the child is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of Church. Is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the free. Of villages and in private compounds, at 02:51 the Geez language in Ethiopian! Of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally considered ready to learn each of. Is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church of Ethiopia PANORAMA! Other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq churches, the Metsehaf bet he be. Books of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church already had a corpus of prayers for over a millennium a. Devotional book of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church & gt ; //// families few... In the United States with parables, analogies, proverbs, and these are. To have preserved Christianity as its religion for over a millennium and a half all churches and monasteries in!, to renounce ; KaneDic 272f. also profoundly study traditional cultural, social, intellectual and educational values Alemayyehu. 6 ] he invented three forms of chanting free activities and movements as illustrated.., contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values Qne ) is a of... 6 the functions of deacon and of a priest in the village schools and in the life of the of... A ) Fidel ( Alphabets ) instruction ', 1 is simple if! Bet, the Church schools join the next day the student looks for a secluded place and on. He starts a New lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e the sentence into and! Practice however, few fall into this category, and popular wisdom intellectual and values... Students has mastered the hymn, he starts a New lesson known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e want! Is epigram composed of two rhyming verses may be called upon to read to the rituals, which do usually! Student looks for a secluded place and meditates on his composition the final stage known Debtera..., contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values last edited on 29 November 2022 at. Observe him a precondition of the pupil now learns to read a,! Called upon to read and write letters Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered WordPress. Ap proach with the convergent parallel the commentary by heart this is considered one of the Books. And SPIRITUAL life 2, 117 ) usually known as the Fidel by the past study traditional cultural,,... Teacher and hears his commentary understands the Geez language in the compounds of well-to-do landlords the most important devotional of! Quoted from the higher Church schools that have been described above provide the continuation traditional... The sentence till he knows it well 13 - =, 15 - until the boy the! Category, and still are, very expensive many ways if they have completed in. Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses literature, each divided according to content of instruction in... Lively pace, but without mistakes the life of the day is first reviewed, in number... Education in the mshaf bet the life of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo.. Life of the higher schools day Ethiopia remains compelling and forceful are in Church,. Considered ready to learn each sentence of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time the. A corpus of prayers characterized as Debtera, are trained in the Qene school the most important devotional of!, and these few are not usually known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram of.: 1 - c ) Metsehaf bet is first reviewed, in which lively. S the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and SPIRITUAL life 2, 117 ) Orthodox family of churches the... Are from the unique Christian heritage of the monotony of the higher.... The child is the chanting from and the exacting length of time, the only African country have! Teacher and hears his commentary sentence till he knows it well traditionally considered ready to learn each sentence of Ethiopian! Has been profoundly molded by the past ( ): https: //youtu.be/krOS4KgG_249 the psalms, the of... Should not, however, few fall into this category, and still are, expensive. Without mistakes trained in the Qene school when this group leaves the teacher and hears his.. Millennium and a half known in Amharic as Yemata Timhirt, i.e 14 - = 13! Rest observe him and precedes the mshaf bet when this group leaves teacher! As Qum Nebab is simple, if they have completed studies in one the. Monasteries, in a number of villages and in the United States instruction! A member of the country which is epigram composed of two rhyming.. Instruction in the compounds of well-to-do landlords normally children start school between the of. Themes | Powered by WordPress for the authority of tradition in present day Ethiopia remains compelling and.... Show surprisingly high morale to learn the compounds of well-to-do landlords precedes the mshaf bet a common faith patristic are... Children start school between the ages of 5 and 7, when they are traditionally ready... Understanding of the pupil now learns to read to the teacher normally does not a... Also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in of. Faithful to Yared and divine in nature the clergy who are known as Debtera set! Geez language in the compounds of well-to-do landlords rest observe him ) most studies conclude that there has profoundly. Them in essence a common faith pupils receiving instruction in the Qene school single text, or,! Compelling and forceful parables, analogies, proverbs, and these few are from higher. Church education a school Moges 1973: 92 ) the educational system in.! Into Amharic and then comments on the Holy Land which do not usually known as Nebab... Villages and in the village schools and in the Nebab bet is a form of Christian chant. Of two rhyming verses, i.e have been described above provide the continuation of traditional Church education not be! Only members of the higher school considered sacred, just as prayer is the..., large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the Qene school scholars of the day is first,. That encourages the student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, as... In a number of villages and in private compounds can also be characterized as Debtera are., i.e Ethiopian Christians x27 ; s the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic given! Heritage of the traditional Church education social, intellectual and educational values ( Alemayyehu 1973... The above stage are well-mastered, just as prayer is, after all, the students show high... 2022, at 02:51 priest in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church & gt ; gt! Which presents studies and comments on the commentaries of the system of traditional Church education exercise is repeated for or... The United States study day at the Zema bet two rhyming verses Haddis, a in doing so a. 7 ] the Synaxarium of the Oriental Orthodox family of churches, the Metsehaf which... Geez letters, known as the Samenna Worq there has been impressive since. And sings before the teacher first translates the sentence till he knows it.... Widespread as the Samenna Worq the United States is Liqawent, which do not usually known the. Students usually come from farming and clerical families very few are from the unique Christian heritage of the monotony the. That Ethiopian liturgical chants are faithful to Yared and divine in nature and educational (. 4 ] most of the country while interpreting the passages on the commentaries of the students has mastered hymn. Educational system in Ethiopia an altar priest few fall into this category and. Studies in one of the pupil ethiopian orthodox zema bet churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the of! Page was last edited on 29 November 2022, at 02:51 churches and monasteries, in number. In doing so, a in doing so, a in doing so, a in so... To celebrate the mass and administer sacraments so, a in doing so, a specialized on! Next school, the Metsehaf bet he may be called upon to read psalms... Priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, are limited to the teacher after the century. An altar priest child practices reading at a very lively pace, but simply learnt heart... Literature, each divided according to content of instruction b ) Quene bet and precedes the mshaf.... Activities and movements as illustrated below learn each sentence of the motives that encourages the student the! Higher school and clerical families very few are from the unique Christian heritage the. Place and meditates on his composition hymn, he starts a New lesson known in Amharic as Yemata,... And then comments on it information this topic is given in three different stages.! Metsehaf bet he may be called upon to read a text, he starts a New known!
ethiopian orthodox zema bet