[130] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[147] Stillwater,[148] Clarks Fork,[149] Bighorn,[150] Tongue,[151] and Powder Rivers. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and more than 57,000 joined up before the war ended. [222] Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about six speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. [327], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}47N 110W / 47N 110W / 47; -110 (State of Montana), Media related to Montana at Wikimedia Commons, This article is about the U.S. state. The Courts of Montana are established by the Constitution of Montana. [17] In 1847, Fort Benton was built as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. Email agent. These steady 2550mph (4080km/h) (or more) winds can suddenly warm parts of Montana, especially areas just to the east of the mountains, where temperatures sometimes rise up to 5060F (10.015.6C) for 10 days or longer. All members are limited to serving no more than eight years in a single 16-year period. Montana cities map. [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. Indigenous peoples in the region were also decimated by diseases introduced by fur traders to which they had no immunity. [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. [311] Major amendments include establishment of a reclamation trust (funded by taxes on natural resource extraction) to restore mined land (1974); restoration of sovereign immunity, when such immunity has been approved by a two-thirds vote in each house (1974); establishment of a 90-day biennial (rather than annual) legislative session (1974); establishment of a coal tax trust fund, funded by a tax on coal extraction (1976); conversion of the mandatory decennial review of county government into a voluntary one, to be approved or disallowed by residents in each county (1978); conversion of the provision of public assistance from a mandatory civil right to a non-fundamental legislative prerogative (1988);[312] a new constitutional right to hunt and fish (2004); a prohibition on gay marriage (2004); and a prohibition on new taxes on the sale or transfer of real property (2010). With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [109] The underlying surface consists of sandstone and shale. and continues to do so. [25], The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke in 1866, on the Missouri River, to protect steamboat traffic to Fort Benton. Population (2020) 1,084,225. [199] The state's Native American population grew by 27.9% between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose 1.6%),[199] and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. Montana and South Dakota are the only states to share a land border that is not traversed by a paved road. Lewistown is also surrounded by five mountain ranges. [182], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and three cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula, Great Falls and Bozeman. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000km2) of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964. [49] Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills". More than 40 spent time in prison. [290] During the war, about 30 Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs were documented to have landed in Montana, though no casualties nor major forest fires were attributed to them. Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. The District Courts also have de novo appellate jurisdiction from inferior courts (city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts), and oversee naturalization proceedings. [255], A variety of sports are offered at Montana high schools. In 1870, the non-Indian population of the Montana Territory was 20,595. New - 6 hours ago. [66] Little's murder and the strikes that followed resulted in the National Guard being sent to Butte to restore order. [191], According to the 2020 census, 88.9% of the population was White (87.8% non-Hispanic White), 6.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.1% Hispanics and Latinos of any race, 0.9% Asian, 0.6% Black or African American, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, and 2.8% from two or more races. [12] This time, Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name. [55], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93million acres were farmed. [30] Nelson Story brought the first Texas Longhorn cattle into the territory in 1866. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. Montana is one of the eight Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. [44] By 1880, farms were in the more verdant valleys of central and western Montana, but few were on the eastern plains. [112] The soil of intermountain basins usually consists of clay, gravel, sand, silt, and volcanic ash, much of it laid down by lakes which covered the region during the Oligocene 33 to 23million years ago. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. The Clerk of the Montana Supreme Court is also an elected position and serves a six-year term. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. [292], As of 2010, Missoula is the 166th largest media market in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research, while Billings is 170th, Great Falls is 190th, the Butte/Bozeman area 191st, and Helena is 206th. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . The first school term started in early winter and lasted only until February 28. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks operate approximately 275,265 acres (1,113.96km2) of state parks and access points on the state's rivers and lakes. [53] Also, most settlers were from wetter regions, unprepared for the dry climate, lack of trees, and scarce water resources. Billings Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. where two continental divides intersect). [240] The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. All waters in Montana west of the divide flow into the Columbia River. WASHINGTON, D.C. November 7, 1889 Independent state agencies not within a department or office include the Montana Arts Council, Montana Board of Crime Control, Montana Historical Society, Montana Public Employees Retirement Administration, Commissioner of Political Practices, the Montana Lottery, Office of the State Public Defender, Public Service Commission, the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind, the Montana State Fund (which operates the state's unemployment insurance, worker compensation, and self-insurance operations), the Montana State Library, and the Montana Teachers Retirement System. They are not term-limited. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing 11 federally recognized tribal nations, were created in Montana. Is Montana a good place to live? [307][308], In 1971, Montana voters approved the call for a state constitutional convention. In July 1889, Montanans convened their third constitutional convention and produced a constitution accepted by the people and the federal government. Its capital is Helena. [65] In Butte, a multiethnic community with a significant European immigrant population, labor unions, particularly the newly formed Metal Mine Workers' Union, opposed the war on grounds it mostly profited large lumber and mining interests. [190], On January 3, 2012, the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) at the Montana Department of Commerce estimated Montana had hit the one million population mark sometime between November and December 2011. Its decisions may be appealed directly to the U.S. Supreme Court. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. The organization is an outreach endeavor that is part of the College of Arts & Architecture at Montana State University, Bozeman. Routes 2 and 12 and Montana Highway 200 also traverse the entire state from east to west. The Continental Divide has a considerable effect on the climate, as it restricts the flow of warmer air from the Pacific from moving east, and drier continental air from moving west. [184] During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which had a 32% increase in its population from 2000 to 2010. The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. You can make a real difference in the lives of students. [59] In 191718, due to a miscalculation of Montana's population, about 40,000 Montanans, 10% of the state's population,[59] volunteered or were drafted into the armed forces. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. [22] In 1869 and 1870 respectively, the CookFolsomPeterson and the WashburnLangfordDoane Expeditions were launched from Helena into the Upper Yellowstone region. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. [46] In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. Discover miles of inspiration here, and find out for yourself. The executive branch is headed by an elected governor. Routes 87, 89, 93 and 191. Image: pxfuel 1. [161][a] Since re-introduction the gray wolf population has stabilized at about 900 animals, and they have been delisted as endangered. A second constitutional convention held in Helena in 1884 produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. However, in August 2007, Senator Jon Tester asked that a submarine be christened USS Montana. Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. [68][69], By the time the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. A 12th nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls; it is recognized by the state of Montana, but not by the U.S. government. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. [172][176] According to a study done for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, parts of Montana will experience a 200% increase in area burned by wildfires and an 80% increase in related air pollution.[178][179]. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County [59], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. [12], Various indigenous peoples have lived in the territory of the present-day state of Montana for thousands of years. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. [89] It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. Glendive, Great Falls, Havre City, Lewis Town, and Miles City are located east of the Continental Divide and experience a semi-arid steppe climate. The prohibition on speaking German remained in effect into the early 1920s. The largest denominations in Montana as of 2010 were the Catholic Church with 127,612 adherents, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 46,484 adherents, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 38,665 adherents, and nondenominational Evangelical Protestant with 27,370 adherents. Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. However, the 1889 Montana constitution significantly restricted the power of state government, the legislature was much more powerful than the executive branch, and the jurisdiction of the District Courts very specifically described. Matt Rosendale is the current officeholder. Heavy snowstorms may occur from September through May, though most snow falls from November to March. Other pacifists tended to be those from "peace churches" who generally opposed war. Montana is the only state in the union without a modern naval ship named in its honor. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictionscity and county government, school districts, and others. MONTANA: 2020 Census Montana Population Topped the 1 Million Mark in 2020 August 25, 2021 Written by: America Counts Staff America Counts today launches a state-by-state look at the demographic changes the new 2020 Census results reveal. BEARFACTS. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. This created Montana's 1st congressional district in the west and Montana's 2nd congressional district in the east. The Montana Legislature is bicameral and consists of the 50-member Montana Senate and the 100-member Montana House of Representatives. No towns are precisely antipodal to Kerguelen, though Chester and Rudyard are close. Subsequent to and particularly in the decades following the Lewis and Clark Expedition, European, Canadian and American traders operated a fur trade, trading with indigenous peoples, in both eastern and western portions of what would become Montana. Eastern Montana . Voters turned down a new convention in 1990 (84 percent no)[314] and again in 2010 (58.6 percent no). Billings [108] Three buttes south of Great Falls are major landmarks: Cascade, Crown, Square, Shaw, and Buttes. [184] Based on 2013 census numbers, they contain 35 percent of Montana's population,[185] and the counties in which they are located are home to 62 percent of the state's population.[186]. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. Forests cover about 25% of the state. 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