pa act 2 deputy sheriff training

{&,FR_/[Lw /z&2")'!h`m5cw&d(.ZAnRYrl4$2^zlH!_"]B]L8a(D_22j n The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has decided the case of Commonwealth v.Copenhaver, holding that deputy sheriffs may not conduct traffic stops on the basis of an expired car registration sticker.In general, deputy sheriffs may only conduct stops of motorists when they observe a "breach of the peace" or the commission of a felony, or misdemeanor offense. Current Municipal Police Officers' Education <> (f)The Executive Director will determine whether review will be granted, and notice thereof shall be sent to all parties to the proceedings. | Certification Required at Time of Application. Possession of (a)A newly-hired deputy sheriff is required to undergo basic training of not more than 760 hours. Phone: 814-865-4507 The proposal is made under the authority of sections 5--7 of the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Act (act) (71 P. S. 2105--2107). The provisions of this 421.12 adopted January 17, 2003, effective January 18, 2003, 33 Pa.B. UR The Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency and the Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board, under the authority granted by Act 10 of 1998, has established guidelines to administer the Board's training programs.In order to be certified by the Board and to continue to receive compensation more than one year after being hired by a sheriff, a new deputy sheriff shall be required to successfully complete basic training of not less than 760 hours. prisoners and the public during court sessions, the methods, forms and techniques of field No statutes or acts will be found at this website. 274) (71 P. S. 1190.23); and section 4 of the Deputy Sheriffs Education and Training Act (71 P. S. 2104), unless otherwise noted. There are currently 8806 users online. . Most users ever online was 158,966 at 05:57 AM on 01-16-2021. Employees (2)A deputy sheriff in one or more of the following categories may apply for a partial waiver of basic training: (i)Trained by the State Police and previously employed as a member of the State Police. certification or, Documentation 10 0 obj <> (c)Subsections (a) and (b) supplement 1 Pa. Code 31.5 (relating to communications and filing generally) and 1 Pa. Code 35.5 (relating to form and content of informal complaints). Administrative Support Assistant endobj certification and re-certification 19 0 obj Officer. 3. ActThe Deputy Sheriffs Education and Training Act (71 P. S. 21012109). Your number can only be activated when when you get hired by a governmental PD (municipal, regional, county, transit authority, etc.) endobj Some sheriffs' are very proactive others are not, mine is kind of in the middle. mpe3@psu.edu, John Roefaro 1984 P.L.3, No. The Board also provides additional training for Sheriffs offices in the following areas: Basic and Advanced Supervisors training, Firearms instructor training, Patrol Rifle training and on-line optional training subjects. No part of the information on this site may be reproduced forprofit or sold for profit. endobj Current certification as a Pennsylvania State Trooper, Examples of good cause are: (b)The Board upon request may grant a deputy sheriff a reduction in the hours of basic training generally required. certification or endobj If the applicant is not Pennsylvania Act 120 certified, the applicant must complete the state-mandated 19-week (760 hours) Deputy Sheriff's Education and Training Board within one year of the date of hire; Must complete Act 2 certification update training every 24 months (20 hours); Must complete TASER certification and re-certifications; The Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board determines the training needs of the sheriffs and deputy sheriffs and provides for the administration of these training programs. Educational assistance/reimbursement, Information for Deputy Sheriff Applicants, https://www.policeapp.com/Police-Associations/Lancaster-County-Pennsylvania-Chiefs-of-Police-Association/. Modules of this training include Motivational Interviewing, Evidence Based Practices (EBP), Core Correctional Practices, as well as other job relevant subject matter. Please capture any login-in error message that may be displayed and contact the Keystone Login Help Desk (877-328-0995) directly. jrw586@psu.edu, The Pennsylvania State University Courses 164 View detail Preview site. P* T!J*DBPH( B"T@B$ This package (Acts 2, 3 and 4 of 1995) serves as the basis for what is more familiarly known as the Land Recycling Program or simply 'Act 2.'. ga. dd. Hell, PSP argues against municipal LEO's being able to run radar! 2023 - Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. Law Enforcement Training Specialist The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows: Section 1. C. Scorers. PA Sheriff's are not "barely considered law enforcement" as ganggreen712 put it. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. Employees in this class are responsible for transporting prisoners from State, County, City and . [ 13 0 R] (13)Families in crisis and domestic violence. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (267350). I have 30 years in Law Enforcement experience including work as a County Juvenile Probation officer; a 25 year career as a Patrol Trooper with The Pennsylvania State Police; and currently a Deputy . training and/or experience to be able to understand and speak fluently and Allowable subsistence and lodging shall be provided for a deputy sheriff who is not commuting to and from school. The SAF Military Police Command is the military police formation of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). I was asked this question by a friend and I didnt have an answer. 15 0 obj The provisions of this 421.31 amended January 17, 2003, effective January 18, 2003, 33 Pa.B. I was wondering what it is like. stream Officers' Education and Training Commission (MPOETC) Act 120 training within the three year period immediately prior to thethirtieth (30) day after the last date Sufficient One of the issues is that the PSP and some municipal departments are afraid of losing contracts with towns that dont have police forces that they now police. PA Sheriff's are not "barely considered law enforcement" as ganggreen712 put it. transports prisoners to court locations for scheduled legal All Documentation of stream <> Instruction for non-deputized officers not affiliated with a sheriffs office may be made available if space permits. Trouble Logging In? language and the English language fluently for the Bilingual Specialty, learn the forms and procedures applicable to the service pa deputy sheriff training academy pa sheriff's academy act 2 sheriff academy pa state police academy What. 13 0 obj concerning the behavior of prisoners during court sessions and other legal Act 1994-44 established the constable and deputy constable training and certification program within the PCCD. (b)Violations of attendance policy or departures from the expected standards of conduct may result in the Boards imposition of disciplinary sanctions, which may include expulsion from the training or denying or withdrawing certification. Description. for the examination for this class, OR completion of the Municipal Police . endobj . he Pennsylvania Commission on Crime Prior to the commencement of instruction for which a test will be administered, the Board will notify the deputy sheriff of the minimum score required. }*ttFAupwXwFwo]7I~u98=N {w()PD! conditions and physical effort is frequently required. Only sworn sheriffs or deputy sheriffs may participate in this program. Sheriff's Offices will not activate your number. Additional information can be obtained by contacting Deidre Beiter, constables training coordinator, at267-468-8331during normal business hours or by emaildeidre.sherman@temple.edu. various institutions. the three year period immediately prior to thethirtieth (30) day after the last date More information about the selection criteria and course work can be found on the PCCD waiver training website. Individuals who possess Pennsylvania Act 2 (Deputy Sheriff Academy Training) or Act 120 (Municipal Police Officers Academy Training) will be preferred. The provisions of this Chapter 421 adopted April 18, 1986, effective April 19, 1986, 16 Pa.B 1422 . 22 0 obj and Change in Pay Rate. For more information about this courseplease contact: Copyright 2023, Temple University. JASI works with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency (PCCD) to provide sheriff and deputy sheriff training several times throughout the year.. Visit the PCCD merit course website for more information. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. endstream One Montgomery Plaza, 9th Floor P.O. Enrollment directions:To enroll, constables are strongly encouraged to create an account and register for classes online through the Constables Certification Education and Training System website using the direct linkpccdcis.pa.gov/CCETS/Login.aspx. and Change in Pay Rate: CSC 3/07; Ad. <> The notification will set forth the reasons upon which the adverse determination is based. (b)A deputy sheriff holding Board certification is required to undergo continuing education of at least 20 hours every 2 years. Not Registered? Annual Continuing Education for constables consists of 20-hours of instruction (8-hours in classroom and 12-hours online). 20 0 obj <> for filing applications for the examination for this class. Phone: 814-867-0199 Here is a 19-minute video highlighting Penn State Justice and Safety Institute'. Likely, because PA sheriffs are not cops and are barely considered law enforcement, she'll have to go through a whole academy again in Texas. Deputy Sheriff Distance-learning Program (ACT 2) Temple University is pleased to announce the availability of the 2018 distance-learning courses offered by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency and the Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board. and Delinquency, through Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Program within Please enable scripts and reload this page. This is certified level protection work for sworn officers in both Civil and Criminal enforcement within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 12 0 obj Continuing educationA course of training administered by the Board under section 6 of the act (71 P. S. 2106). (iii)Graduated from a course of basic training approved by the Municipal Police Officers Education and Training Commission. 2 0 obj Filter by: All $ Off % Off Free Online Offline. year of appointment and during tenure of employment as a Deputy Sheriff standards which will be used to admit or reject applicants for tests. Box 1167Harrisburg, PA 17108 Fax: (717) 783-7140Attn: Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Training Program, NewHybridWaiverTrainingRegistration Process-Virtual Training Session, Temple AccessNet Password Reset Instructions, Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board Membership, Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Training Code of Conduct (PDF). If you become Act II certified as a deputy sheriff in PA, and you later want to become a police officer, do you need to do the whole Act 120 course or can you take a shorter version? Anyone go through the full 19 week Act 2 training? Sheriff's Deputies. Officer Certification or documentation indicating completion and date of Pennsylvania Accessibility 3 days ago Web Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs must complete a 19 week long (760 hours) academy to be certified as a Sheriff or Deputy Sheriff pursuant to Act 1984-2, otherwise known as "Act . Not Registered? (c)To successfully complete basic training or continuing education, a deputy sheriff shall attain at least a minimum score established by the Board on each written test and shall demonstrate proficiency in all practical skills. Applications submitted by candidates for this class will be reviewed based on If the applicant is not Pennsylvania Act 120 certified, the applicant must complete the state-mandated 19- week (760 hours) Deputy Sheriff's Education and Training Board within one year of the date of hire. training and experience requirements as approved on 09/19. The maximum number of students per class is 30. certification that was valid at any time during the three year period Some states will take PA sheriff act 2 as out of state laterals. endobj last date for filing applications for the examination for this class Current 501508 and 701704 (relating to practice and procedure of Commonwealth agencies and judicial review of Commonwealth agency action) and 1 Pa. Code Part II (relating to general rules of administrative practice and procedure). Sheriffs Training Act II-114 training under Pennsylvania Commission on Crime The Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff training and certification program was established as required by Act 1984-2 with amendments. The program consisted of 760 hours of basic training provided by Pennsylvania State University. deputy sheriff education and training program according to the minimum requirements specified in this subchapter. Revision: CSC: 8/19; Ad. Phone: 814-865-4506 Revision: CSC: 2/13; Ad. endobj and custody of prisoners, the forms and procedures applicable to the appearance of and Delinquency, through Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Program within Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (267351). It depends on how proactive the sheriff wants to be. Law Enforcement Office Assistant II. 353. 6828 (October 29, 2022). OR Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) Law Enforcement Officer Certification that (2.1) require minimum standards for training sheriffs and deputy sheriffs on domestic violence. thirtieth (30) day after the last date for filing applications for the court orders, MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE TRAINING The Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training program is working from multiple sites (PCCD, Home, and Academy). 21 0 obj Law Enforcement Office Assistant III.. Year Erected: 1954 Marker Text: This County, created by Act of the Legislature Jan. 26, 1856, is named for Gen. Hugh A. Haralson, . If so, why? Be sure to complete the application completely and accurately. Delinquency, through Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Program within one <> 353. The Pennsylvania State Police will administer these selection tests if course applicants have not met requirements prior to enrollment. As a Sheriff's deputy, from New York, I find it amazing that the state of Pennsylvania does not recognize its sheriffs as police officers. (15)First aid and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. of certification; renaming the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Account; and further providing for reimbursement to counties. "It is with great sadness the Arapahoe County Sheriff's Office announces the passing of Deputy Kraig Conger," the sheriff's . 11 0 obj 7 0 obj examination for this class, OR completion of the Pennsylvania State Police Candidates must successfully complete their Deputy Sheriff's Act training within (1) year from the date of hire and prior to completion of probation. Job Category: Government. documentation indicating the completion and date of Act II-114 training as As officers of the Pennsylvania Unified Judicial System, Magisterial District Judges may administer oaths and affirmations and ta This 19-week resident program covers topics mandated by the Commonwealth. endobj and Delinquency, through Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Program. ]^qe= wwB6(4:g`Z /_P77WPfu-(!dhGo uZpAb]2dBk,JTAmz(XOhwC^}()s 1xnpUTx9>xA\)h~/xojj6:('3oUlIHMdM:d.\52Cs^"t`xx2]p;//oL6, 4w]N/V/!X[[?jghj. Merit courses are offered in the spring, summer, and fall. (e)Reimbursement will be limited to the following: (1)Tuition. Most states are pretty strict that experience and training only carries over if you were a full police officer. Or, send an email toaluongo@temple.edu. Arapahoe County, CO - Arapahoe County Sheriff's Office (ACSO) Deputy Kraig Conger died in the line of duty on Dec. 28, 2022, after suffering a heart attack at work. Deputy Sheriff Training Act II-114 certification, OR Deputy Sheriff Training Act For further information about the registration process, please call Mike Kane, training coordinator, at267-468-8605. training required by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime LEO support staff - (Must have an associate membership to the "DSAP". endobj (16)Motor vehicle code and enforcement. Regardless of location, we have access to the necessary sites, applications, emails, and phones to assist you. If HB 466 gets passed it will change some offices. x] XMnViBL3ey.2tq]S9SH%%BhNHvN9 B"T@B$ (b)The request shall be received by the Board not later than 20 days after receipt of the adverse notice by the sheriff or the individual involved. By Mail:PA Commission on Crime and DelinquencyAttn: Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Training DivisionP.O. (3)The Board disapproves a request or application for reimbursement. equivalent to the completion of the twelfth school grade. II-114 certification that was valid at any time during the three year period No part of the information on this site may be reproduced for profit or sold for profit. After some time working in that limited status, police unions may finally realize that sheriffs are no threat and simply don't have the time or desire to take over their responsibilities. Lancaster County Government Center150 N Queen Street (Enter on Chestnut St.)Lancaster, PA 17603Phone: 717-299-8000Hours: Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p. m. - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. 9PX+(Burnb:B1u%@3)ujq B\2Lws##B28Q.wyjOH]3HS_ R~!g$( pFAaw6pMWzKt;w(( 1987). thirtieth (30) day after the last date for filing applications for the applications for the examination for this class, OR completion of the Deputy Consolidation with 5H99 Current certification as a Pennsylvania State Trooper, 353. endobj Copyright 1996-2021, Officer Media Group, Endeavor Business Media - Public Safety Interactive. All rights reserved. Prior to the commencement of instruction for which a test will be administered, the Board will notify the deputy sheriff of the minimum score required. 353. Pennsylvania's Land Recycling Program (Voluntary Cleanup Program) was established by a series of legislation enacted in 1995. Pennsylvania Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Training Program. The provisions of this Chapter 421 issued under section 3 of the act of November 22, 1978 (P. L. 1166, No. Board: 3/13, Latest Spec. The provisions of this 421.32 amended January 17, 2003, effective January 18, 2003, 33 Pa.B. LICENSES, REGISTRATIONS The provisions of this 421.4 amended January 17, 2003, effective January 18, 2003, 33 Pa.B. 6K02-20221212-OC-00. Optional Instructor Development and Merit Courses web page. There are currently 8805 users online. endobj a public university, and a few private universities (Drexel, UPenn, and Lehigh, to name a few). The determination will be based upon the Boards evaluation of the prior education, training or experience of the deputy sheriff under the following criteria: (1)The Board will grant a full waiver of basic training upon application by a deputy sheriff who has served a full, 4-year term as sheriff within this Commonwealth. immediately prior to the thirtieth (30) day after the last date for filing Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board, Constables' Certification Education and Training System, Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training System, Program and Practice Effectiveness Toolkit. As an outsider I actually have an unexplainable interest in the status of PA sheriff agencies. <> From what I remember deputy sheriff's in Allegheny County are required to be Act 120 certified and I believe there was a PA Supreme Court decision a few years ago that stated because they were they have full police powers. We are dedicated to assisting our sixty-seven County Sheriffs in acquiring the education and training required for law enforcement officers. The training is 19 weeks at Penn State, we only have 1 academy Act 2, Act 120 has somewhere between 15-20 across the state. Temple University is pleased to announce the availability of the 2018 distance-learning courses offered by the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency and the Sheriff and Deputy SheriffEducation and Training Board. for the examination for this class, OR completion of the Municipal Police (d)The county may apply to the Commission for reimbursement, on a form to be supplied by the Commission, at the conclusion of the required training for each deputy sheriff who has attended basic training or continuing education. The PCCD held its first Basic Training Academy (BTA) on July 26, 2021. Some will not. | (c)A county will be reimbursed once, for each deputy sheriff attending a certified continuing education course within a 2-year period. . Sheriff - Snyder County, PA Government. They could probably even get explicit statutory authority to enforce traffic laws within their counties of employment without raising too many eyebrows, and of course they would retain common law/citizen's powers for any other crimes that they witnessed. I do remember hearing that the state police wouldnt allow them certain types of training because they were not considered Peace Officers and as such could get in trouble themselves for giving unauthorized personell police training. training. 6K{f-edmpH.q.w4X`c{kPHz\ 6GGs]q eVD^3#lSYo5V8q{' [<7$! <>/Metadata 771 0 R/ViewerPreferences 772 0 R>> BoardThe Deputy Sheriffs Education and Training Board. UPDATE (April 20, 2022): Act 2 Reporting Template: Staff Retention and Recruitment Payments Each entity receiving a payment under Sections 102-J (A) and/or 102-J (B) of Act 2 of 2022 must submit to the department a report regarding staff retention payments by Sept. 30, 2022 and a report regarding staff recruitment payments by Dec. 31, 2022. The curriculum includes instruction in visitor and resource protection, federal law and procedure, authority and jurisdiction, natural and cultural resource management, officer safety and survival skills, and physical conditioning. The only way to find out is to have your friend contact Texas POST and inquire about it. Hey there. dl#pJcXx>^7k Please capture any login-in error message that may be displayed and contact the Keystone Login Help Desk (877-328-0995) directly. Do you need an instructor development course? G UqhcH2PBH) _U'^H>5DEq|eY? <> 353. 3 0 obj investigations, particularly as they apply to the service of legal instruments, the operation of, and to become proficient in, the care Deputy Sheriff Training Act II-114 certification that was valid within a three-year period. % Right now there is a bill in the state house to make them the same but for now you have to do the whole act 120 to work for a police dept. Unauthorized Access Prohibited. The Pennsylvania Code website reflects the Pennsylvania Code changes effective through 52 Pa.B. Deputy Sheriff Trainee. The most significant aspect of the proposal is an expansion of the curriculum of basic training that a deputy sheriff is required to undergo within 1 year of the deputy's hiring. Must be familiar with the instructions for each event and trained by JASI to properly administer the test using uniform scoring standards. Law Enforcement Training Specialist Some states will take PA sheriff act 2 as out of state laterals. (b)Whenever a deputy sheriff is newly employed, discharged or leaves employment, the sheriff shall record the information on the form and forward the form to the Board within 10 days. endobj Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (267353). 274) (71 P. S. 1190.23); and section 4 of the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Act (71 P. S. 2104), unless otherwise noted. Police Officers' Education and Training Commission (MPOETC) Act 120. certification Established as the Singapore Armed Forces Provost Unit (SAFPU) in 1966, its primary role is to police duties to uphold standards of discipline within the SAF, and to provide security coverage for key SAF military installations and the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) headquarters at Bukit Gombak. <> <> I have some questions about the Act 2 training, did you go through the 2 week or full 19 week training? Mulitple addresses are permitted. Sheriffs Training Act II-114. The Pennsylvania Sheriffs' Association is dedicated to preserving the time honored Office of Sheriff in Pennsylvania. "If the police have to come get you, they're bringing an @$$ kicking with them!". Copyright, Website questions: WebInfo@outreach.psu.edu The Pennsylvania State University 2023. certification that was valid at any time during the three year period They are law enforcement officers. The Act established what is known as the Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Board as an advisory board to the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency. 4. for filing applications for the examination for this class. Must complete Act 2 certification update training every 24 months (20 hours). was valid at any time during the three year period immediately prior to the Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs must complete a 19 week long (760 hours) academy to be certified as a Sheriff or Deputy Sheriff pursuant to Act 1984-2, otherwise known as "Act 2". When Society makes war on its police, it better be prepared to make friends of its criminals. Attention all law enforcement professionals. Neither will the Game Commission, though strangely, being hired by the Fish and Boat Commission WILL get your number activated. Where. Act 1984-2 (PDF) (with Amendments) gives the Board discretion, with the review and approval of the Commission, to set criteria allowing a reduction of training hours for sheriffs and deputy sheriffs with requisite prior education, training or experience. The act II training is equal to the act 120 but the state has not approved them to be the same training. Requests for transcripts (record of course completion and grades) from the Sheriff and Deputy Sheriff Education and Training Board must be in writing. months of appointment and during tenure of employment as a Deputy Sheriff ), Current 17 0 obj The Board will provide each deputy sheriff with a copy of any rules of attendance and conduct no later than 14 days prior to the start of instruction. University Park, PA 16802, Phone: 814-863-0079Fax: 814-863-3108Email: jasiinquiry@outreach.psu.edu, Privacy Sheriffs were the first police officers to exist, in PA and every state, except Alaska! the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, . A deputy sheriff who is commuting will be allowed reimbursement only for lunch. applications for the examination for this class, OR completion of the Deputy but if you are act 120 and want to work for a sheriff's office you only need to be sent by the sheriff . 353. The Board may grant a partial waiver of training upon application by a sheriff/deputy sheriff who meets one of the following categories: Successfully completed a recognized Pennsylvania Municipal Police Officers' Education and Training Commission (MPOETC) Act 120 basic training course as documented by a copy of grade . endobj The course hours and content are determined by MPOETC. Phone: 814-865-2143 Temple Universitys Park Ranger Law Enforcement Academy is a full-time, federally accredited 18-week program consisting of more than 680 hours of instruction designed to prepare and enable students to obtain employment with the National Park Service as a seasonal Type II law enforcement ranger. Current Deputy Sheriff Training Act II-114 certification, OR Deputy Sheriff Training Act II-114 certification that was valid at any time during the three year period immediately prior to the thirtieth (30) day after the last date for filing applications for the examination for this class, OR completion of the Deputy Sheriff's Training Act II . The FETis funded through fees collected by individual Pennsylvania counties. 6 0 obj The Act 120 course is required training for all Pennsylvania municipal police officers. At the very least, they should seek something declaring them "ex-officio constables" so that they would have at least those powers of arrest. The PCCD has, therefore, assumed responsibility to provide Basic and Continued Education Training for County Adult Probation and Parole Officers. Each Act 120 class will require a minimum of 10 students. So getting your number activated is only done by getting hired by a Police dept, not Sheriff? Everyday we are faced with violence in and around the . Completion of the Deputy Sheriff's Training Act II-114 training under Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency, through Deputy Sheriffs' Education and Training Program within the three-year period. Basic training is required of all law enforcement officers who wish to serve as a sheriff or deputy sheriff in Pennsylvania. Upon successful completion of the program, students are awarded a certificate of completion and participate in a graduation and an awards ceremony highlighting distinguished achievement in academics, marksmanship, driving, leadership and physical fitness.

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