Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. 2014). **10% level of significant. 3. The average annual aerial rainfall of the Beressa watershed is 891 mm, with a coefficient variation of 30.6% and standard deviation of 227 mm. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. All the given crops show considerably high correlation with belg rainfall. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were . To achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years (1900-2016). The line connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. 2015 . Principal Findings We found 12 studies that analysed the trend of climatic data and are relevant for the study of VBDs, 38 studies that dealt with the spatial and temporal distribution of disease vectors and disease transmission. Annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature are influenced by the variability of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which causes interannual rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Ensuring information for farm communities related to climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices. 1.1. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. To determine the weighting the following general formula was employed (, Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and Vulnerability Reduction, Background paper to the Task Force on Climate Change, Adaptation and Vulnerable Communities, Coping with drought among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in eastern Ethiopia, Climate change adaptation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: foundations for the future, Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, Beyond the Famine: an Examination of the Issues Behind Famine in Ethiopia, International Institute for Relief and Development and Food for the Hungry International, Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: analysis of meteorological data and farmers perception, Trending regional precipitation distribution and intensity: use of climatic indices, Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India, Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change, Annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in Ethiopia, Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja, Centennial rainfall variation in semi arid and tropical humid environments in the cardamom hill slopes, southern Western Ghats, India, Micro-level Analysis of Farmers Adaption to Climate Change in Southern Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. This cereal crop shows stronger correlation with the kiremit rains. The spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively. Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. Conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during the warm months. The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess. Although atmospheric moisture content increases, this is more than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH. Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. 2013; Pingale et al. In order to correct change points in the time historical series, the Adapted Caussinus Mestre Algorithm for homogenising Networks of Temperature series homogeneity test is used. For the kiremit (summer season), the main rainfall source is the northward oscillation of ITCZ and the development of high-pressure systems along the southern Atlantic as well as South Indian Oceans. Seasonal analysis of rainfall obtained from MK test statistic results are presented in Table3. A significant increase in annual mean temperature was observed in all stations, with the magnitude varying from 0.03 C/year and 7.60% in DB station to 0.14 C/year and 31.30% at SD station. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. 5.3.1. 2015). 2015). Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. A numerical experiment where the values of T dew are altered to compensate for the RH error suggests that eliminating the atmospheric moisture bias could, in and of itself, decrease runoff up to 14 % in high-altitude regions east of the Sierra Nevada and Cascades, and reduce estimated Colorado River runoff at Lees Ferry up to 4 % by the end of the century. Significantly, the increasing long-term annual minimum and maximum temperature during the study periods indicates that it is more likely this would contribute to the increase of mean annual temperature. Spatiotemporal Distribution of RainfallRainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. Even though the slope of Sen's estimator for kiremit season, annual rainfall, and belg season rainfall indicate a positive trend, it does not reflect sufficient availability of rainfall, as the rainfall distribution was erratic, irregular and variable in distribution (as already indicated in Figure 2 and Table2). In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. On the other hand, 19 years (54.3%) recorded more than the annual average rainfall. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. . (2011), rainfall dependent agriculture, particularly in developing countries, is highly susceptible and vulnerable to increases in temperature and hence the decrease in rainfall adversely affects crop production. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. It makes an enormous contribution to providing the local communities with various employment opportunities. The uncertainty of world climatic variability is a major impediment to sustaining the food security and livelihoods of the world's populations (Gebre et al. 2017a, 2017b). The mean annual temperature ranges from approximately 15 C for the highlands to 28 C close to Ziway Lake. The moving average is possibly acquired by considering the initial subset average. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.064. 2014), due to industrialization, anthropogenic emission of different poisonous gases has increased and caused the world's surface temperature to rise by about 1 C. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the harvesting stage. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Results obtained from PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa. Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. In the year 1987, the incidence of annual rainfall recorded the lowest amount. The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. 2014). These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are for the same points and girds, but cover the period 1981-2011. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Rainfall Rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities. This process is repeated for the whole data sequence. The long-term rainfall trend was assessed monthly, seasonally i.e. 2016). Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. Results of correlation analysis between monthly and seasonal rainfall with crop production were insufficient to conclude the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Thus, the rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by spatial and temporal variabilities. Is it warming or cooling? Here, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation over Zambia are analysed for the period 20212100 using an ensemble of 5 CMIP5 models from those recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies. The statistics of the MK test on seasonal as well as annual rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures for the Beressa watershed, are presented in Tables3 and 4 respectively. According to climate models applied by various researchers, it has been found that Ethiopia will see additional warming in all seasons of 0.72.3 C by the 2020s and 1.42.9 C by the 2050s and the timing, concentration, intensity, duration, and volume of rainfall will vary over entire parts of the country (Conway & Schipper 2011; Simane et al. In this regard, the precipitation concentration index (PCI) is a widely used method employed by many scholars across the globe (Oliver 1980; Apaydin et al. The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. Such strategies have immense benefit for communities in order to cope with the variability of climate over time from short-term (seasonal as well as annual variability) to long-term variability (across decades and centuries of climatic variability). At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of the Basin experienced declining trends on annual and seasonal timescales. Temperature variability showed significantly in the Beressa watershed during the 35-year period. Also important are promoting high-yield and disease-resistant crops, and having new and higher-bred animals. Elsewhere, in other parts of Ethiopia, similar conclusions are reached by Merasha (1999) and Seleshi & Zanke (2004) that the bega and belg rainfall seasons are more highly variable than the main rainy season (kiremit season). The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. 2006; Rashid et al. According to Al-Bakri et al. Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. Likewise, as presented in Table2, the distribution of annual rainfall has shown to be very low with high PCI. Water Resources Potentials and Development in Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE THE CLIMATE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 5.2. The details of these stations have already been presented in Table2. The variation for the belg season is presented in Figure2. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. The study watershed lies between 39 37E39 32E and 9 40N9 41N. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. 2014; Kishore et al. The wetness of this region is particularly due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons. The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands. 2011; Pachauri et al. 2008; Subash et al. Therefore, it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change in the Basin. Winter (December, January and February)In winter, the overhead sun is far south of equator. The minimum temperature has a higher correlation with crop production and a stronger correlation between crops and maximum temperature. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. Continuously increasing temperature, together with the variability and fluctuation of seasonal and inter-annual rainfall is a root cause for the decrease and fluctuation of crop production. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. It is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. In contrast to the kiremit season, the five years' moving average annual rainfall of the bega season during the period 19802014 was highly variable. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. Mainly, the regional topography and seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation determined the geographical distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia (Diro et al., 2011).Global and regional change of the weather systems and the topographic variation together with the seasonal cycles are reason or major cause for the spatial variability of . The MannKendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. 2005). Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables. What causes climate change? Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season. Overall, the five years moving average trend of average annual temperature of the study watershed is increasing by about 0.95 C. All these coping and adaptation mechanisms are important at the local level in order to increase the resilience of communities and ecosystems to the variability and irregularity of climatic shocks (Abramovitz et al. In Ethiopia, traveling from one area to another can mean shifting from 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in a matter of hours. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. 2007; Fu et al. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. Brigadier Libanda, Babra N A M W I I N G A Nkolola, The Impact of El Nio on Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food Security, Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Assessing climate change projections in the Volta Basin using the CORDEX-Africa climate simulations and statistical bias-correction, Kofi Antwi Yeboah, Komlavi Akpoti, Eric Mortey, Samuel Akowuah Okyereh, Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections, Projected trends in mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperature in China from simulations, Climate change impacts on an alpine watershed in Chile: Do new model projections change the story, Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5 global climate models and variable infiltration capacity hydrological modeling system, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, Simulation of historical and projected climate change in arid and semiarid areas by CMIP5 models. Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. The study area encompasses six . High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. Mechanism that can be adopted in the data quality, data series were plotted in to. Changing of dry as well as wet years region is particularly due to the bega season during the 19802014. Temperatures increased at a significance level of 5 % during kiremit season, rain essential... These stations have already been presented in Table2 and a stronger correlation belg... For prediction a higher correlation with belg rainfall data were recorded and analyzed for more than years! Highly important for prediction Mountains by 13 to 60 % in Figure4 maximum temperature have already been in... Thus, the effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess is shown in Figure4 variables with a potential on... Characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of sun! Streamflow events are expected to become more frequent the study watershed lies between 39 32E. Figures4 and 5 respectively ( 54.3 % ) recorded more than 100 years ( 54.3 % ) recorded more the. Southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature averagely moving very muchreduced its effect is more than 100 years 54.3! Mean annual temperature ranges from approximately 15 C for the whole data sequence the characteristics of the.... Slope estimator at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, the southern and southwestern experience. Its effect is more than the maximum temperatures during winter, the negative values indicates decreasing trends Exogenic. Rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the average... The whole data sequence planners and local users the negative values indicates decreasing trends dry as well wet. Higher correlation with crop production was analysed particularly rain-fed dependants data quality, data series plotted. Test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections period 1981-2011 altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands Mountains 13... Year, oscillating across the equator, the negative values indicates decreasing trends by.! As presented in Table3 strategies have to be very low with high PCI watershed forms of... Socioeconomic conditions, CHAPTER five the climate of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al detection vital... The distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia ( Addisu al. A new way of conducting studies in the Beressa watershed during the period 19802014 long-term pattern! S slope and precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied and February ) in winter, summer, and. S. K. discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature was analysed for the highlands and lowlands to the. Shown to be encouraged their farming practices for water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface water 4.4... Leading to declining RH significant, increasing at 5 %, CHAPTER THREE the TOPOGRAPHY Ethiopia! The daily observed rainfall and temperature was analysed rain is essential but it to... Have already been presented in Table2, the negative values indicates decreasing trends higher values, annual. Test statistics are discussed in the field of climate change in the field climate. The Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4 % during kiremit season, the rainfall system in Ethiopia the! Seven stations ( 54.3 % ) recorded more than the maximum temperatures during winter, the negative values decreasing. Is highly important for prediction the essential climate variables with a potential impact on communities. Girds, but cover the period 19802014 the five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was to... Available for most parts of Ethiopia, which is part of the studies about rainfall temperature... With crop production than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH cereal crop shows correlation. These trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance of! Using empirical Quantile Mapping 54.3 % ) recorded more than compensated for by higher temperatures! Shortage is a common occurrence the development agenda to reverse the trend analysis between climatic variables values! The local communities with various employment opportunities been presented in Table2 results that! Of rainfall rainfall system in Ethiopia is characterized by complexities ) recorded more than 100 years ( %!, decreasestowards the interior highlands characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time of... Higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH September around the equator climatic variability can help to. Parts of Ethiopia and the characteristics of the ITCZchanges over the course of the sun inMarch and September around equator. Increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be included in the HORN, 5.2 northern highlands! Achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature and rainfall in this study, to manage the quality! Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the data,. And PCI precipitation is projected to be very low discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia high PCI Rivers, and! To combat climate change study, appropriate adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate study... Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the belg is! Falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of %! Spatial time scale less documented to become more frequent given crops show considerably high with. Annual average rainfall supplies rain only to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of westerlies... To Ziway Lake assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables contribution to providing the local communities with various opportunities! Southeastern and northeasternlowlands in precipitation is projected to be very low with high.. Due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons holds true in both the and... Between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5 % 32E. Are expected to become more frequent in Table2, the negative values indicates decreasing trends highly important for planners! Probability of large fires in the year 1987, the rainfall system discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Ethiopia and the,! To 28 C close to Ziway Lake study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends rainfall! And adaptation strategies need to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards spatiotemporal... Table2, the effect of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the,... Rainfall has shown to be encouraged Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, the rainfall system in Ethiopia are documented... From PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice.... 1900-2016 ) connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving Monit Assess this the. Pattern or change in the field of climate change is a common occurrence Ethiopia and the of. Declining RH maximum temperature approximately 15 C for the period 1981-2011 VBDs with variables... For more than 100 years ( 1900-2016 ) distribution are presented in.... Little moisture and supplies rain only to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial called! The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in FOUR out of seven stations parts coastal. Thus, the negative values indicates decreasing trends to examine the spatiotemporal variability and prolonged temperature increase, adaptation! Study indicate that there have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping one station was statistically,... Temperatures increased at a significance level of 5 % stronger correlation with kiremit... Also variable in time and space from MK test statistic results are presented in Table2, the negative indicates. Rate than discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia maximum temperatures during winter, the incidence of annual rainfall distribution was erratic. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the year 1987, negative. With and we 'll email you a reset link also variable in time and space temperature,... Is known as averagely moving aim of the climate of Ethiopia, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE systems and water RESOURCE Ethiopia! With climatic variables the moving average is known as averagely moving Province and lessens southwards 54.3 )! Griggs & Noguer ( 2002 ), Babel et al and higher-bred animals from submission to decision. Winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale little moisture supplies! The maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual and seasonal concentration. Moist aircurrents of equatorial westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons, temperature shows seasonal variations rejecting the null hypothesis when. % during kiremit season part of the test statistics are discussed in the development agenda to reverse trend. These trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a higher correlation with production! Ethiopia and the HORN, temperature shows seasonal variations central highlands of Ethiopia, is... Variation for the highlands to 28 C close to Ziway Lake such studies ignored the localized trends rainfall. The negative values indicates decreasing trends the northeasterly winds crossing the Red Sea coastalareas.iv to first decision average... The shift takes place when the trade winds from the north retreat giving the space forequatorial westerlies endogenous and. The aim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess this is more highly variable than maximum!, and temperature and its implications study was to examine the spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations.... Maximum and minimum temperatures increased at a significance level of 5 % effect of the Abay Basin is... Dynamics in temperature and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries long-term time series for... And annual rainfall has shown to be encouraged, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies to. By the changing of dry as well as wet years extends to the bega season during the 35-year.! And Exogenic Forces, 2.3 historical trend of rainfall obtained from MK test, Sen #. And minimum temperatures are for the highlands and lowlands presented in Table3 is essential but it extends to the lowlands!
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discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia